Synthesis of Size-Tunable Spherical Carbon Nanoparticles By Polymerization of Sp-Carbon Rich Precursors and Characterization of Optical Properties for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are considered as one of the most promising materials due to their unique optical and electronic properties for a wide range of applications in the field of optoelectronics, energy conversion/ storage and bio-imaging. The high photoluminescence, photostability and low toxicity of CNPs have made them suitable for various applications. The unique network of hybridized sp2 carbon atoms provides unique properties of CNPs as it allows delocalization of the electrons over the entire surface of the molecule. The studies have shown that the carbon core is responsible for the strong absorption of light while the luminescence comes from the surface sites and the functional groups present on the surface. The functions and properties of the CNPs could be modulated by changing their shape, size and dimensionality. Despite all these advantages, CNPs have been slow to transform from laboratory prototypes into real life industrial scale products because of the difficulty in synthesizing them and in controlling their size. The control over their size is important as the optical properties of CNPs have been shown to be varying with the variation in size. The synthetic methods reported until now involves high-temperature (>100 oC) processes which often results in uncontrolled shape, size, polydisperse and chemically inert nanoparticles, which makes it very difficult to modulate their optical, electronic and morphological properties. Thus, the development of low-temperature, controlled synthesis is desirable. We report the development of new synthetic methods for the preparation of carbon nanoparticles allowing precise control of their shape, size and properties by polymerization of sp-carbon rich precursors. These precursors (butadiyne and acetylene) tend to become thermodynamically unstable when polymerized to long polyyne chains and decompose inside the reaction mixture to give CNPs. Hence, these polyyne intermediates provide us the control over the size of CNPs during the reaction and in turn, over their properties for further modulation and functionalization. The size-tunable nanoparticles were synthesized in a single step from different polymerization techniques such as dispersion and micro-emulsion with Glaser-Hay polymerization. The size of the resulting carbon nanoparticle is controlled by changing different reaction parameters such as the monomer loadings and the concentration. The control over the different parameters allows us to obtain monodisperse spherical CNPs with a size in the range of 25 nm to 250 nm and use of low temperature methods (<100 oC) allows us to overcome the limitations associated with current methods. After isolation, CNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, microscopy to analyze the shape and size of the CNPs. To analyze the nature of carbon molecules, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR were used. The optoelectronic behavior of the CNPs was characterized in order to establish the size-property relationships.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».