Na Metal Batteries: Interface Design from Liquid to Solid Systems
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
With a high demand on advanced energy storage systems, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are believed to be an emerging and competitive candidate due to the rich resource, low cost, and suitable redox potential of Na metal.1 However, the SEI layer formed in Na carbonate electrolytes is relatively unstable, which leads to nonuniform ionic flux during repetitive Na stripping/plating process as well as low columbic efficiency (CE). In addition to that, the poor SEI layer may result in the growth of mossy or dendritic Na, causing serious safety issues. 2 All-solid-state Na metal batteries (ASSSMBs) equipped with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are much reliable for the elimination of safety hazards that liquid electrolytes associate with. In the state-of-the-art SSEs, sulfide-based SSEs exhibit high ionic conductivity, moderate synthetic conditions, low grain boundary resistance, and malleable properties3, thus they are more promising to be actually employed in the next-generation high-performance ASSSMBs. However, these sulfide SSEs can thermodynamically react with metal anode to form a mixed ionic and electronic conducting interface, continuously depleting both the SSE and Na anode.4 Meanwhile, the resultant large polarization can lead to the growth of interfacial resistance and deterioration of battery performance. Similarly with that in liquid system, uneven Na+ deposition also occurr at the sulfide SSE/Na anode interface, causing the formation of dendrites and short circuits of the batteries.4 As such, the electrolyte/Na anode incompatibility is the priority to be solved for realizing high-performance SMBs. Even though some effective approaches have been reported to address this issue, the developments of SMBs is still in its infancy. Herein, we demonstrate the inorganic−organic coating via advanced molecular layer deposition (MLD) 5, 6 as a protective layer for metallic Na anode in SMBs. By protecting Na anode with controllable alucone layer, the dendrites and mossy Na formation are effectively suppressed and the lifetime of liquid-state battery has been significantly improved.7 Moreover, we extend this alucone film in ASSSMBs to stabilize the active Na anode/electrolyte interface, limiting the decomposition of the sulfide based electrolyte (Na3SbS4 and Na3PS4) and Na dendrite growth. Protected by this film, full battery performance is remarkably improved and Na-Na symmetric cells are stabilized nearly 500 hours at room temperature. The modified interface is further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling, which provides spatially resolved evidence of the synergistic effect between the dendrite-suppressed sodiated alucone and the insulating unsodiated alucone. Such coupled layers reinforce the protection of the Na metal/electrolyte interface.8 Our works identify alucone as an effective and bi-functional coating material as its derivatives can stabilize the metal/electrolyte interface, paving the way for rapid development and wide utilization of SMBs. References: 1. Han, X. G.; Gong, Y. H.; Fu, K.; He, X. F.; Hitz, G. T.; Dai, J. Q.; Pearse, A.; Liu, B. Y.; Wang, H.; Rublo, G.; Mo, Y. F.; Thangadurai, V.; Wachsman, E. D.; Hu, L. B. Nat Mater 2017, 16, (5), 572-579. 2. Lee, B.; Paek, E.; Mitlin, D.; Lee, S. W. Chem Rev 2019, 119, (8), 5416-5460. 3. Tian, Y. S.; Sun, Y. Z.; Hannah, D. C.; Xiao, Y. H.; Liu, H.; Chapman, K. W.; Bo, S. H.; Ceder, G. Joule 2019, 3, (4), 1037-1050. 4. Wang, Y.; Richards, W. D.; Bo, S. H.; Miara, L. J.; Ceder, G. Chemistry of Materials 2017, 29, (17), 7475-7482. 5. Zhao, Y.; Adair, K. R.; Sun, X. L. Energy & Environmental Science 2018, 11, (10), 2673-2695. 6. Zhao, Y.; Sun, X. L. Acs Energy Lett 2018, 3, (4), 899-914. 7. Zhao, Y.; Goncharova, L. V.; Zhang, Q.; Kaghazchi, P.; Sun, Q.; Lushington, A.; Wang, B. Q.; Li, R. Y.; Sun, X. L. Nano Lett 2017, 17, (9), 5653-5659. 8. Zhang, S. M; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, F. P; Zhang, L.; Wang, C. H; Davis, K.; Li, X.N ; Liang, J.W ; Li, W.H ; Li, R. Y; Sham, T K.; Sun, X.L. 2019, submitted. Figure 1
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».