Utilization of online crowdfunding for alternative cancer treatments at home and abroad.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
e14044 Background: The use of alternative cancer treatments has been associated with decreased survival. However, little is known about the types of individuals who seek out these therapies, the alternative therapies pursued, and the associated costs. We utilized GoFundMe campaigns to characterize the types of patients who sought alternative cancer treatments, the types of therapies pursued, and the associated costs. Methods: We queried GoFundMe ( www.gofundme.com ) for English language campaigns using the term “alternative cancer treatment” using custom code for web scraping on 10/25/2019. We identified 1000 campaigns between 2011-2019, of which, 795 had received donations and were used for analysis. We studied each individual campaign in detail and extracted relevant information. Results: The majority of patients were female (63.5%). The most common cancer types were breast (25.3%), colorectal (10.8%), and lung (5.5%) cancer. Of patients reporting cancer stage, 79.3% had stage IV disease. Of those reporting prior cancer treatment history, 34.8% had never undergone traditional cancer treatment; 42.1%, 46.8%, and 26.6% had undergone prior surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, respectively. The most common proposed alternative treatments were vitamins and minerals (23.4%), herbs and botanicals (16.1%), special diets (13.0%), supplements (10.8%), heat or light therapy (7.8%), IV infusions (7.8%), homeopathic/naturopathic therapies (7.2%), and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (5.9%). Among all campaigns, a total of $36,394,110 was requested and a total of $8,601,759 (23.9%) was raised. The median campaign fundraising goal was $25900 (US dollars; Interquartile range [IQR] $1000 – $50000); the median amount donated was $5805 (IQR $2595 – $12580). These costs include travel as 629 (79.1%) campaigns were for patients residing in the USA, 70 (8.8%) in Europe, 62 (7.8%) in Canada, and 34 (4.3%) in other regions, from which, 54.3% of patients stated that they planned to travel internationally—most commonly to Mexico—for their alternative cancer treatments. Conclusions: Millions of dollars have been requested and raised between 2011 and 2019 for alternative cancer treatments. The majority of patients sought treatment at alternative clinics internationally, were females, had stage IV disease and primary tumors of the breast, colon/rectum or lung, who had previously undergone traditional cancer therapies, and highlight a group of patients where improved communication/education between providers and patients appears to be needed.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,013 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,024 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».