Wavelet Modelling Approach for Reservoir Model Classification
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In oil and gas industry it is crucial to have reliable information on well, reservoir and boundary types and properties. Detailed information can be extracted from a proper interpretation of pressure and rate transients of well testing data. Though, there are times that even with an in-depth pressure transient analysis, a unique solution on well, boundary and especially the reservoir types cannot be obtained and makes it difficult or even impossible to extract correct information. In this study deep learning (DL) is used to tackle this problem by differentiate possible reservoir models and select the most appropriate model based on pressure derivative response. Accuracy of the classification model on real field data with known models is also explored. Reservoir models can be identified by measuring the downhole pressure data and analyzing the changes in trends in pressure curves and especially pressure derivative curves. In this study, different DL algorithms are used to identify the basic characteristics of pressure derivative curves to determine reservoir model. Several possible well/reservoir/boundary types are considered to select the best model that can be used for well/reservoir/boundary property estimation. Before feeding the networks, training data curves would be shrunk in size using wavelet transform (WT) which is able to sustain the pressure derivative features in a much-compressed form to accelerate algorithm training and testing. The technique used in this work is a time-efficient process that learns important signatures of pressure derivative curves to classify reservoir models. Unlike the conventional well testing methods in which models are determined from the visual inspection of the pressure and pressure derivative plots, the technique used in this study was trained with a dataset consists of hundreds of reservoir models generated by solving diffusivity equation under different well, reservoir, and boundary conditions. The procedure was applied to multiple field examples with known reservoir model and reservoir properties and proved the consistency and flexibility of the methodology for true reservoir model selection. DL-based models also shown to be very handy with excellent computational efficiency especially when dealing with the complex patterns on the pressure derivative curves. The study showed that the method has great capability to classify pressure derivative and can also tolerate noise when applied on real pressure data. Large dataset used in this study can increase the comprehensiveness of the training and test data sets. The big advantage of the DL-based approach was the improvement in the pattern recognition of the pressure derivative curves without the need of any feature handcrafting or any prior knowledge of well, reservoir, and boundary types. ML proved to be a reliable, fast, and accurate technique that can significantly improve the process of well, reservoir, and boundary type detection based on pressure derivative curves.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».