Design and development of ten-element hybrid simulator and generalized substructure element for coupled problems
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Résumé
The University of Toronto's ongoing work towards the improvement and further development of multi-platform simulation methods is presented in this paper. These developments include a ten-element hybrid simulator and a generalized OpenSees substructure element. Hybrid simulation which encompasses development of new integration algorithms, simulation frameworks, and applications has been an active research area in the past decade. Yet, unless the physically tested element significantly contributes to the overall lateral response of the structure in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation, the improvement in the accuracy of results from the use of hybrid simulation may only be marginal. In most cases, the number of physically tested elements in the hybrid simulation is limited by the availability of experimental resources such as actuators, controllers, and laboratory space. As a step towards overcoming this limitation, a novel experimental apparatus, the UT10 Hybrid Simulator, is being developed at the University of Toronto. The UT10 is being developed to allow up to ten elements, such as braces and hysteretic dampers, to be concurrently tested and integrated into a hybrid simulation. The system can test up to ten physical specimens with peak force capacity ranging between 800 kN or 1,600 kN per specimen depending on the total number of tested specimens. The main design requirements, current development status, and potential applications of the UT10 Hybrid Simulator are presented in this paper. To integrate the potential numerical or physical substructures into distributed multi-platform simulations such as hybrid simulations, a generalized substructure element is being developed for OpenSees. The main research focus in this development is to standardize the data exchange format and communication protocol such that any other potential experimental and numerical substructure modules can be readily integrated into the simulation. The data exchange format is defined such that the number of degrees of freedom, data type, and error checks can be communicated in a seamless manner between modules. Designing a versatile data exchange format and a communication protocol is expected to facilitate simulation of coupled systems including diverse substructure modules and other loading scenarios such as thermal loading. The data exchange format and example implementations will be made available to the research community in the near future. To illustrate the current developments, an example of multi-platform simulation with a numerical substructure is presented in this paper.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
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score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle