Effects of Stockpiling on Soil Physical Properties and Soil Carbon
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The boreal forest is a major ecosystem in Alberta, subject to a number of anthropogenic disturbances such as oil and gas extraction. Prior to disturbance, top soils are salvaged for use in future reclamation projects; however, a large portion of this soil ends up in stockpiles, undergoing changes to soil physical properties, aggregate and carbon distributions, as well as carbon dynamics. This study sought to assess changes in these parameters, relative to natural sites, to determine implications on the suitability of stockpiled topsoil for use in reclamation. Sampling sites were established at an open pit mine and an in situ development in the boreal forest. Eight stockpiles and six natural sites were selected, with three soil pits being dug per site and three depths sampled per pit. Soil physical quality (SPQ) was assessed using basic soil properties, capacity-based measurements, and energy parameters as all of these variables relate to S, defined as the slope at the inflection point of a water retention curve. As such, S provides insight on the pore-size distribution of a soil, with larger values denoting higher SPQ. Clay content and bulk density were higher in natural soils, whereas total soil carbon, S, capacity-based measurements, and energy parameters were higher in stockpiled soils. Significant differences between natural and stockpiled soils were present only in the two subsurface depths. Differences existed within natural soil profiles between the surface and two subsurface depths, while stockpiled soils remained similar across all depths. Higher levels of soil carbon, lower bulk densities, and lower clay contents in stockpiled soils were associated with the highest S values for sampled soils, supporting previous observations published in scientific literature. S was significantly correlated with most capacity-based measurements, supporting additional theories that link these parameters together. Energy parameters were also significantly correlated with S, though lower values for these parameters are associated with higher SPQ. Together, natural soils had lower SPQ than stockpiles using basic soil properties, capacity-based measurements, and S, while outcomes using air and water retention energies were inconclusive. Changes to aggregate size class and carbon distributions, carbon dynamics, and soil organic matter lability criteria were assessed at both the whole soil and individual aggregate scale. No significant differences in relative proportions of aggregate size classes were found between natural and stockpiled soils for any of the sampling depths, although natural soils did have higher proportions of both aggregate sizes. Higher basal respiration rates and 13C values were found in natural soils, whereas stockpiled soils had greater total and light fraction carbon quantities, along with higher C:N ratios. Significant differences between natural and stockpiled soils were largely confined to the two subsurface sampling depths. Differences within natural soils were between surface and subsurface depths, whereas stockpiles remained uniform across all depths. Basal respiration rates significantly correlated with total carbon, light fraction carbon proportions, whole soil C:N ratios, and 13C values. Similar trends were observed for each aggregate size. The results of this study differed greatly from the majority of findings present in the current literature base and demonstrate the importance of looking at the physical, chemical, and biological components of soil quality together. In the case of this study, taking a more holistic approach allowed for the identification of lower biological quality in stockpiled materials, despite these same materials having higher soil physical and chemical quality regardless of sampling depth. Identifying these limitations, in turn, would then allow for a more thorough assessment on the suitability of stockpiled topsoil for use in future reclamation activities and the potential for reclamation success post-placement.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».