Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The most important characteristics of the informal sectors, based upon the general knowledge and existing research, are that they are out of the reach of the formal regulation founded by governments. We found that this is partly wrong for the situation of the informal sectors in the urban villages of Guangzhou City. We chose Xiadu, one of the typical urban villages of Guangzhou, as a study case, and conducted deep research mainly through the methods of field investigation, mapping, interview, etc. We also used some materials from various websites in our analysis. The main economic sectors of the informal sectors in Xiadu are retail, restaurant, barber's, photocopying, and other neighborhood services. One quarter of the informal sectors are outdoor fakers, the other three quarters are indoor shops. Most of the informal sectors are spatially distributed near the entrance from outside surrounding areas to the urban village and along the main roads inside it. The main reasons for the gathering of the informal sectors within urban villages are: loose regulation from the municipal government provided easy business environment; cheap houses provided right space; and good accessibility provided market demand. The everyday surviving state of the informal sectors is influenced by a system consisting of players of the municipal government (the real players are its departments involved in urban management, urban planning, and land use administration, etc.), local community (or village) autonomy, local ruffian group, the local registered residents of the village, and the surrounding areas' residents. The municipal government, according to its various major political aims, is exerting sometimes direct and sometimes indirect, but the greatest influence on the informal sectors; the local community autonomy protects and supports the informal sectors mainly because of seeking the economic interests from them; the local ruffians are exploiting the informal sectors; the local registered residents of the urban villages support and help the informal sectors because they are renting their houses to them; the surrounding areas' residents are partly customers and partly sufferers (from bad sanitation, noise, and pollution, etc.) of the informal sector, so they are at most time opposed to it. We conclude that the existence and operation of the system is affecting the real surviving state of the informal sectors in the urban village. It could be understood as a special regulation system different from the generally known regulation, also from that of pure informal governance out of governmental regulation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».