Review of Current Status of Reserves Estimation Standardization in Latin America; A Third-Party Auditor Opinion
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In recent years, internationally recognized reserves estimation and reporting standards have been adopted in Latin America by government regulators and national operators. This paper describes the current regional situation from the perspective of a third-party auditor. Potential investors need a clear understanding of how a country and its oil and gas sector companies evaluate their petroleum resources to optimize asset portfolio management and value. To this end, the current reserves estimation and reporting practices of several major Latin American oil and gas producers were investigated to identify the level of standardization by country. This review includes the application of the main resource classification standards used by the government regulators in the region and how they have influenced the estimation of reserves in recent years. The role of the third-party reserve auditor is discussed, including the importance of intangible influences which must be taken into consideration. The process of reserve estimation is complex and involves multiple skills, knowledge and judgement while applying a variety of international reserves standards to provide a reliable independent audit for operators or regulators alike. Documented examples of inadequate reserves audit are presented. The SPE PRMS is the reserve reporting standard used by most of the regulators and operators, but those companies that are listed on the USA or Canadian stock exchanges use SEC and COGEH, respectively. Annual independent reserves estimation from third-party auditors is mandatory for most of the Latin American countries reviewed, although some continue to use in-house reserves estimations. Examples are given to illustrate how some government regulators use their own internal guidelines with additional considerations for reserves estimation and reporting. The paper shows that those countries where reserves estimation and reporting have been standardized, and which are audited by third-parties, have given more confidence to the global investment community. Standardization has been fundamental in helping to attract development funding for the oil and gas sector in Latin America, as it brings clarity to decision making based on reliable estimates of recoverable petroleum volumes. This paper provides a review of information regarding the status of standardization of reserve estimation and reporting in Latin America. Best practices are shared, and some necessary areas of improvement are proposed. Getting it right can result in improved transparency and increased international investment.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».