Analysis of Lakewater Isotopes in the Northern Great Plains: Insights From Long-Term Monitoring and Spatial Surveys
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
General circulation models predict that the precipitation deficit of the Northern Great Plains (NGP) will become more pronounced in the future, and that human adaptation to future climate change will require a greater understanding prairie hydrology in order to maintain freshwater ecosystems. One method for disentangling hydrological complexities is to use stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water to measure the hydrological properties of lakes, including their water balance. In this thesis, I present a long-term (2003-2016), bi-weekly record of water isotopes during summer to assess the differences between instrumental and isotopic measures of hydrology, and determine the variability in lakewater isotopes at the sub-annual and interannual scales. Insights from this long-term record were then applied to a spatial survey of over 100 lakes to quantify the spatial diversity of hydrologic parameters in lakes of the Canadian NGP and investigate the relationship between catchment characteristics and water balance of individual basins. Overall, lake-specific ratios of evaporation to inflow (E/I, %) from direct measurements (mean (μ) = 15.0%, standard deviation (σ) = 20.7) agreed well with isotopic estimates using headwater basin models (μ = 15.3, σ =7.8). Isotope-instrument agreement was improved (μ =12.6 vs. 6.2%) when basin-specific isotope models that considered local connectivity to upstream water bodies were used in calculations. In my assessment of isotope variability, seasonal variation in water isotope values routinely exceeded that at annual scales and demonstrated rapid changes in water sources within a single season, particularly in systems with water residence times <1 year. Inter-annual variability was regulated mainly by large hydrological events that caused isotopic source waters to become more similar across the Qu’Appelle River watershed. A spatial survey of 100+ prairie lakes revealed that isotopic values of inflow to basins was more similar to that of rainfall (δI, μ = -13.5‰, σ = 2.0) than to snow, and further showed that the flow regimes of most lakes (71%) were categorized as open despite the scarcity of channelized surface inflows. Mean water yield 100.8 mm yr-1 (σ= 181.0) and runoff coefficients 22.1% (σ= 45.9) were elevated relative to average conditions in the region, suggesting that lakes were an important feature capturing water on the prairie landscape. Together, these three studies provided a comprehensive assessment of the hydrological status of lakes in the Canadian NGP, and can be used to inform future research and management projects.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».