Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle Hybrid Systems for Co/Tri-Generation Applications: A State-of-the-Art Overview
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The following paper aims to explore a heat pump’s (HP) as well as an organic Rankine cycle’s (ORC) novel combination for the development of both an efficient and low-emissions heating and cooling systems. This latest review examines both benefits and possibilities of a combined HP-ORC system. Previously, studies have explored several different combinations, such as directly-coupled and reversible combination units as well as parallel configurations units in addition to indirectly-coupled ones. Following defining aforementioned configurations, a discussion on their performance is carried out in detail. Considerations for the optimisation of the architecture, overall of such hybrid systems via utilising the same sources while also discussing heat source, sink selection and operating temperatures as well as thermal energy storage, expander/compressor units, control strategies in addition to working fluids’ selection and managing seasonal temperatures that are increasingly variable, have been identified. Additionally, the experimental studies that have been performed reveal increasingly practical obstacles as well as other areas that require more research while serving to shed light on experimental techniques, which can be applicable to this research’s area. Based upon research, it has been revealed that regional conditions including temperatures and annual weather as well as the cost of energy produce a colossal effect on such systems’ economic feasibility framework as well as partially dictating the overall system configuration’s selection. Additionally, the review disclosed how important the following elements are: 1) a greater temperature differential amid the source of heat and heat sink; 2) proper source of heat and sink selection; 3) working fluid selection; and 4) thermal storage for the maintenance of the difference. Comparatively, from the research works from the past, additional optimisation based on individual component level as well as through control strategies of either an advanced or predictive method, these produce a smaller effect and are worth performing an evaluation on economically due to them not being feasible for the current system. Lastly, based on investigated research, there are certain areas for which recommendation have been provided with regard to future research and this includes a technology configurations’ comparison for understanding different regions’ optimal system, a sensitivity analysis for understanding key system elements for both optimisation as well as design, both an investigation as well as testing carried out for available units and applicable systems that are presently available, and identifying novel use cases.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».