Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

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Résumé

BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5-19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. FINDINGS: . In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes-gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both-occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU.

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La notice

Revue

The Lancet

Thématique

Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Domaine

Medicine

Établissements canadiens

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Organismes subventionnaires

Fogarty International CenterEconomic and Social Research CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeGeorge Institute for Global HealthLietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų UniversitetasFu Jen Catholic UniversityUniversidade Estadual PaulistaInternational Medical UniversityUniversität Duisburg-EssenAgricultural University of AthensUniversity of the PhilippinesNovo Nordisk FondenUniversità degli Studi di FerraraMedical Research CouncilTartu ÜlikoolUppsala UniversitetUniversidade do PortoSyddansk UniversitetOulun YliopistoJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversitetet i BergenUniversiti Sains MalaysiaNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensMahidol UniversityChinese University of Hong KongUniversity College LondonLundbeckfondenUniversität WienJikei University School of MedicineMedizinische Universität WienShandong UniversityKarolinska InstitutetGentofte HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamPublic Health AgencyUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulMashhad University of Medical SciencesAstraZenecaEuropean CommissionMcMaster UniversityUniversity of OxfordNational University of SingaporeWellcome TrustUniversity of SouthamptonPeking UniversityNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchSwansea UniversityShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversidade Federal de PelotasDuke-NUS Medical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesUniversidade de LisboaInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaLunds UniversitetUniversitetet i TromsøInstitut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUniversity of CyprusNorges IdrettshøgskoleCapital Medical UniversityDeutsches KrebsforschungszentrumIran University of Medical SciencesFudan UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityUNICEFRigshospitaletCentral University of KeralaUniversità degli Studi di PadovaRobert Koch InstitutUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversidade de São PauloHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Mots-clés

DemographyBody mass indexIndex (typography)PopulationMedicineBody heightGerontologyPediatricsBody weightSociology

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