Expression and Functionality of Bitter Taste Receptors in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Plants secondary metabolites often are poisonous to protect themselves against predators. The composition of ingested food is sensed by specialized sensory cells located in taste buds in the oral cavity, capable of detecting one of the basic taste qualities (sweet, sour, salty, umami, bitter, and possibly fat). In particular, bitter taste is detected in humans by 25 members of the bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) subfamily of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). Since plant poisonous metabolites are often bitter, sensing bitterness provides protection against poison consumption. Surprisingly, Tas2Rs are expressed in several extra‐oral tissues. For example, a role for extra‐orally expressed TAS2Rs was shown in airway bronchodilation, where TAS2Rs were expressed in various cell types lining the airways, and their stimulation with bitter drugs caused potent muscle relaxation; suggesting that inhaled bitter compounds could be used therapeutically for treatment of airway diseases. Recently, it was shown that mammary epithelial cells express Tas2Rs, and that the expression of some Tas2Rs is downregulated in breast cancer cells. Few studies have shown expression of Tas2Rs in cancer, and our preliminary results show expression and functionality of Tas2Rs in ovarian and prostate cancer, while it was previously reported for pancreatic and breast cancer. While extra‐oral expression of Tas2Rs was demonstrated in some tissues, their expression in diseases like cancer is poorly characterized. We analyzed data from online cancer databases for genetic alterations and noticed that Tas2R gene amplification was very high in breast and ovarian cancer, while few mutations or deletions were present, when compared to other cancers like prostate cancer. Interestingly, drug resistance in cancer cells is often linked to amplification of genes that change absorption of chemotherapeutic agent by cells. Bitter drugs like noscapine, a ligand for Tas2R14, sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. It is possible that Tas2Rs could have an important role in the development of new therapeutic strategies, alone or in combination with current drug therapies. After showing the expression of Tas2R subtypes expressed in ovarian cancer samples, we would now like to analyze the signaling pathways activated by these receptors. Our preliminary work shows that Tas2Rs are functional and signal in cancer cells with an effect on apoptosis signaling, among others. Further characterization will be needed to understand the role of these receptors in cancer. Overall, the results from our work demonstrate the expression and functionality of Tas2Rs in cancer, and will help define a subset of Tas2Rs that could potentially be targeted for therapy with bitter drugs. Support or Funding Information Operating funds from Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and studentships from Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Cancer Research Training Program of the Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, with funds provided by Motorcycle Ride for Dad – Nova Scotia Chapters.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».