Development And Application Of Emulsion-based Conformance Control Method For Enhanced Bitumen Recovery By Steam-assisted Gravity Drainage
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Bottom water, which is defined as a zone below the base of bitumen pay with high water saturation, has been encountered in many currently operated steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) projects. It has been widely accepted that the bottom water lying under bitumen in SAGD act as a heat sink which is a result of the much higher mobility of water compared to that of the bitumen. This has a detrimental effect on the project economy because of the resulted greater steam-oil ratio (SOR) and less oil recovery. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the mobility of bottom water in SAGD operations to avoid the water coning and steam loss to the bottom water. In this study, emulsion-based conformance control treatment is introduced and investigated in oil sands reservoirs to reduce the mobility of bottom water to avoid the water coning and steam loss to the bottom water during the SAGD operations. To accurately simulate the emulsion plugging performance during the SAGD process, it is essential to optimize the emulsion flow model in water saturated porous media to better describe the flow mechanism. There are three main mathematical models applied to describe the dynamics of emulsion flow in porous media: the bulk viscosity model, the retardation model and the filtration model. In this paper, the newly proposed emulsion flow model was optimized on the basis of the conventional filtration model with considering the process of emulsion droplets trapped and released by the pore throats. Three different types of emulsion flow tests were collected and analysed from previous publications, including permeability reduction of an emulsion in a specific sandpack, an emulsion slug injection followed by water injection in a specific sandpack and conformance control performance in parallel-sandpack. The optimized emulsion flow model can successfully simulate all of the three different types of emulsion flow process and have a good agreement with the experimentally obtained results. A new method for predicting permeability reduction by emulsion plugging was firstly determined by fully incorporating with the emulsion and sandpack properties. By successfully simulating the emulsion plugging process in a specific sandpack followed by water injection, a desired conformance control performance can be predicted by injection of a prepared emulsion in a specific parallel-sandpack. This may give an instruction on optimal emulsion design in the field application. The optimized emulsion flow model shows a wide application in different types of experiments and flexible control on the parameters, showing a huge potential for the reservoir-scale simulation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».