First Report of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus on Soybean in Heilongjiang, China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 11First Report of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus on Soybean in Heilongjiang, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus on Soybean in Heilongjiang, ChinaXinyang Che, Xue Jiang, Xinlei Liu, Xiaoyan Luan, Qi Liu, Xiaofei Cheng, and Xiaoyun WuXinyang CheKey Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China, Xue JiangKey Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China, Xinlei LiuSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086, China, Xiaoyan LuanSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086, China, Qi LiuInstitute of Horticulture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150069, China, Xiaofei Cheng†Corresponding authors: X. F. Cheng; E-mail Address: xfcheng@neau.edu.cn and X. Y. Wu; E-mail Address: wxy5551@126.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-9059Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China, and Xiaoyun Wu†Corresponding authors: X. F. Cheng; E-mail Address: xfcheng@neau.edu.cn and X. Y. Wu; E-mail Address: wxy5551@126.comKey Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Xinyang Che1 Xue Jiang1 Xinlei Liu2 Xiaoyan Luan2 Qi Liu3 Xiaofei Cheng1 † Xiaoyun Wu1 † 1Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 2Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086, China 3Institute of Horticulture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150069, China Published Online:17 Sep 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0850-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleAlfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), the only species of genus Alfamovirus, infects a wide range of plants (Hill and Whitham 2014). In July 2018, soybean (Glycine max) plants with yellow mottling patterns or vein yellowing were found at the university trial field in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. To determine the causal agent of this disease, two small RNA sequencing libraries (three leaves per library) were constructed using TruSeq Small RNA Library Preparation Kits (Illumina, Shanghai, China) and sequenced with an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform in LC-Bio Technologies (Hangzhou, China). After adapter trimming and quality control, the remaining 22,840,947 and 40,344,895 reads of 17 to 27 nucleotides (nt) in length were assembled separately using Velvet 1.1 and Oases 0.2.09 with k-mers of 17 (Schulz et al. 2012). The contigs were searched against the NCBI nucleotide and amino acid databases using BLASTn and BLASTx programs (Johnson et al. 2008). A total of 41 contigs of 133 to 2,088 nt showed high homologies to the genomic sequences of AMV. None of these contigs were homologous to the genomic sequences of other plant viruses. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers AMVcp-F (5′-ATGAGTTCTTCACAAAAGAAAGCTGGT-3′) and AMVcp-R (5′-ATGACGATCAAGATCGTCAGCTTCGTC-3′), which target coat protein gene, confirmed AMV in all six samples. Primers were designed to amplify the genome of this AMV isolate (named AMV-soybean) from one of the six plants by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Amplicons were cloned in pEASY-Blunt vector (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China) and Sanger sequenced with at least four clones per amplicon. RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 of AMV-soybean are 3,643, 2,594, and 2,008 nt, respectively (GenBank accession nos. MT362607 to MT362609), which share the highest nt sequence identities with RNA1 and RNA2 of a Canadian AMV isolate (Ca175-1) from potato (98.4%; MF990284) and RNA3 of an Argentinian AMV isolate (Manfredi) from Medicago (98.21%; KC881010), respectively. A total of 5,180,064 AMV-derived siRNAs were found and were mapped to all three genomic fragments at both orientations. AMV-soybean was mechanically inoculated to 22 soybean cultivars including Kennong-28, Dongnong-253, Mengdou-28, Dongnong-50, Hefeng-25, Huajiang-1, Heinong-52, Shengdou-58, Heidou, Huangposhanzibai, Dongnong-48, Bayuezha, Heihe-43, Wanhuangdou, Wuyuezha, Jinyuan-1, Suinong-14, Xiaolidou, Baimaodou, Suinong-11, Beidou-40, and Wujiang-1 with at least five plants per cultivar. Wuyuezha and Baimaodou remained symptomless, whereas others developed symptoms such as leaf yellowing, yellow mottling, and/or leaf distortion symptoms at 14 days postinoculation. Total RNA was extracted from noninoculated leaves using the FastPure Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) and analyzed by RT-PCR using primers AMVcp-F and AMVcp-R. Results suggest that Wuyuezha and Baimaodou may be tolerant, whereas the other 20 soybean cultivars are susceptible to AMV-soybean. Subsequent RT-PCR screening confirmed the presence of AMV on five soybean and six common bean samples with yellowing symptoms on two other fields in Harbin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of AMV on soybean in China. AMV on soybean can be transmitted by seeds, by mechanical transmission, and by more than 10 aphid species (He et al. 2010). Special attention should be paid to the damage that it may cause to soybean in northern China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:He, B., et al. 2010. Plant Health Prog. 11:41. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2010-1227-01-BR Link, Google ScholarHill, J. H., and Whitham, S. A. 2014. Adv. Virus Res. 90:355. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801246-8.00007-X Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarJohnson, M., et al. 2008. Nucleic Acids Res. 36:W5. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn201 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSchulz, M. H., et al. 2012. Bioinformatics 28:1086. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts094 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Department of Education of Heilongjiang Province (2018QD0002) and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2019C027 and ZD20018002).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 11 November 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPlants of Echinacea purpurea affected by Verticillium dahliae (A. Garibaldi et al.). Photo credit: M. L. Gullino. Spinach plant infected with Stemphylium leaf spot (K. A. Spawton et al.). Photo credit: M. T. McGrath. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 30 Oct 2020Published: 17 Sep 2020Accepted: 12 Jun 2020 Pages: 3085-3085 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingDepartment of Education of Heilongjiang ProvinceGrant/Award Number: 2018QD0002Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang ProvinceGrant/Award Number: LH2019C027Grant/Award Number: ZD20018002KeywordsAlfalfa mosaic virusfield cropssoybeanepidemiologyinfectivitypathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byEvaluation of Soybean Wildfire Prediction via Hyperspectral Imaging16 February 2023 | Plants, Vol. 12, No. 4Breeding for disease resistance in soybean: a global perspective5 July 2022 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 135, No. 11Fine Mapping the Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene in Soybean Cultivar Heinong 84 and Development of CAPS Markers for Rapid Identification16 November 2022 | Viruses, Vol. 14, No. 11First Report of a Secovirus Associated with Mountain Celery Chlorotic Spot Disease in Heilongjiang, ChinaYameng Luan, Lili Zhang, Ting Sun, Xue Jiang, Xiaoyun Wu, and Xiaofei Cheng11 March 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 4Alfalfa mosaic virus (alfalfa yellow spot)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumWhole-Genome Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Obtained from Metagenomic Analysis of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis in Iran: with Implications for the Genetic Structure of the VirusThe Plant Pathology Journal, Vol. 37, No. 6

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