WMO Hydrological Observing System (WHOS) broker: implementation progress and outcomes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The WMO Hydrological Observing System (WHOS) is a service-oriented System of Systems (SoS) linking hydrological data providers and users by enabling harmonized and real time discovery and access functionalities at global, regional, national and local scale. WHOS is being realized through a coordinated and collaborative effort amongst: National Hydrological Services (NHS) willing to publish their data to the benefit of a larger audience, Hydrologists, decision makers, app and portal authors willing to gain access to world-wide hydrological data, ESSI-Lab of CNR-IIA responsible for the WHOS broker component: a software framework in charge of enabling interoperability amongst the distributed heterogeneous systems belonging to data providers (e.g. data publishing services) and data consumers (e.g. web portals, libraries and apps), WMO Commission of Hydrology (CHy) providing guidance to WMO Member countries in operational hydrology, including capacity building, NHSs engagement and coordination of WHOS implementation. In the last years two additional WMO regional programmes have been targeted to benefit from WHOS, operating as successful applications for others to follow: Plata river basin, Arctic-HYCOS. Each programme operates with a “view” of the whole WHOS, a virtual subset composed only by the data sources that are relevant to its context. WHOS-Plata is currently brokering data sources from the following countries: Argentina (hydrological & meteorological data), Bolivia (meteorological data; hydrological data expected in the near future), Brazil (hydrological & meteorological data), Paraguay (meteorological data; hydrological data in process), Uruguay (hydrological & meteorological data). WHOS-Arctic is currently brokering data sources from the following countries: Canada (historical and real time data), Denmark (historical data), Finland (historical and real time data), Iceland (historical and real time data), Norway (historical and real time data), Russian (historical and real time data), United States (historical and real time data). Each data source publishes its data online according to specific hydrological service protocols and/or APIs (e.g. CUAHSI HydroServer, USGS Water Services, FTP, SOAP, REST API, OData, WAF, OGC SOS, …). Each service protocol and API in turn implies support for a specific metadata and data model (e.g. WaterML, CSV, XML , JSON, USGS RDB, ZRXP, Observations & Measurements, …). WHOS broker implements mediation and harmonization of all these heterogeneous standards, in order to seamlessly support discovery and access of all the available data to a growing set of data consumer systems (applications and libraries) without any implementation effort for them: 52North Helgoland (through SOS v.2.0.0), CUAHSI HydroDesktop (through CUAHSI WaterOneFlow), National Water Institute of Argentina (INA) node.js WaterML client (through CUAHSI WaterOneFlow), DAB JS API (through DAB REST API), USGS GWIS JS API plotting library (through RDB service), R scripts (through R WaterML library), C# applications (through CUAHSI WaterOneFlow), UCAR jOAI (through OAI-PMH/WIGOS metadata). In particular, the support of WIGOS metadata standard provides a set of observational metadata elements for the effective interpretation of observational data internationally. In addition to metadata and data model heterogeneity, WHOS needs to tackle also semantics heterogeneity. WHOS broker makes use of a hydrology ontology (made available as a SPARQL endpoint) to augment WHOS discovery capabilities (e.g. to obtain translation of a hydrology search parameter in multiple languages). Technical documentation to exercise WHOS broker is already online available, while the official public launch with a dedicated WMO WHOS web portal is expected shortly.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,054 | 0,053 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,009 | 0,007 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,044 | 0,018 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».