Застосування Acquis Communautaire у процесі реалізації державної мовної політики України щодо національних меншин (на прикладі угорської національної меншини)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Problem-solving in general. Over the last decade, the global community has been characterized by a change in the relationship between cultural and linguistic minorities and the citizens that make up the majority of the state. Obviously, this is due to changes in the political and social situation. Such processes take place in EU countries, post-Soviet countries, USA, Canada, etc. The main causes of change are the increase in the number of nations living in a certain territory, migration processes, the increasing role of culture and language at the international level. Contradictions in policymaking at the national, supranational and international levels in many countries have led to tendencies towards interethnic clashes. To improve the legal support of minorities in different countries, international organizations are developing and implementing special documents regulating this area. At the same time, domestic legal instruments play an important role in regulating the relations of different language groups.The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of legal support and realization of linguistic rights of national minorities in Ukraine in the context of the principles of the acquis communautaire and to formulate proposals for their improvement.The main European legal act that enshrines the acquis communautaire in the field of linguistic relations protects languages - regional, minority, extinct, minority languages - is the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Its preamble states that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between its members, in particular to preserve and implement the ideals and principles that are their common property.The study found that the main factors to be considered in determining the status of a national minority are: 1) the number of ethnic groups; 2) stay in the territory of Ukraine (rootedness of ethnic group, excluding migrants and refugees); 3) territorial location (compact type of settlement and, as a consequence, mono-ethnic marriages, linguistic and cultural identity). In addition, it is necessary to conduct a census of the population of Ukraine.With regard to the measures envisaged by the Charter ratification law, in particular in the field of education, culture, cross-border cooperation, Ukraine fulfills its obligations, as evidenced by the draft report for 2018, prepared in accordance with the requirements of Art. 15 of the Charter. However, given the Hungarian side's activity and the requirements of the educational law on the language of education, Ukraine needs to strengthen its training on the Hungarian language population of Ukrainian. It should be noted that with regard to ensuring that Hungary fulfills the Charter obligations for the Ukrainian minority, the situation seems to be asymmetrical: they are practically not fulfilled.It is established that the optimal legal instrument of cooperation between the two states in securing the linguistic rights of their national minorities is the conclusion of bilateral agreements, which allow to determine the specific conditions of cooperation and to establish control over their observance of each party, to prevent violation of the domestic legislation of each country.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,012 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».