Comparative Multi-Disciplinary Practice of Law: Paths Taken and Not Taken
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
It is always an interesting journey to return to one's roots, and many of the most important of my personal and professional roots are here in Cleveland, including my birth and the first twenty years of life. Subsequent wanderings have taken me far from here, but always to return. We consider here another set of journeys and pathways that are institutional, not personal. The paths traversed are both national and international, and they will take us on journeys that are far from completed. They concern the ways in which various contemporary legal cultures have so far approached the subject of this conference—multi-disciplinary practice ("MDP"). My examples include the well-known efforts to date of the American Bar Association ("ABA") in its fervent and flawed, but perhaps temporary, rejection of the MDP concept almost entirely. I will contrast that with the much less well-known example of the route mapped out by the Canadian Bar Association ("CBA"), which one only rarely hears mentioned in domestic discussions, and which has taken a much more welcoming approach to the MDP concept. I then will briefly examine work underway in New York and California. Both states have also recently taken steps along very different paths with respect to MDP practice—quite restrictively in the case of New York and in a much more welcoming way thus far in the case of California. Although I do not elaborate upon it here at any length, I think it would be well at the outset to identify my own "lean" on the MDP issue. Those who have attended similar conferences on MDPs in recent years have been struck, as have I, at the great divide between academic—almost all of whom are more or less in favor of more or less significant expansion of opportunities for MDP practice—and some (but hardly all) practitioners, whose manifested reactions range from wariness to vehement opposition. I, another academic, stand with those who are largely unimpressed with the concerns and criticisms of those opposed to the MDP in any but its most timid forms and who, as with the majority of the ABA House of Delegates, would confine them, if permitted at all, to only joint marketing efforts, thus effectively banning them almost entirely. To the contrary, I think that, accompanied by appropriate regulatory arrangements, MDP practice could and should be permitted in the United States without significant risk of harm to either consumers or lawyers. Further, MDP should be permitted because it holds the promise of greatly improved delivery of legal services.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,028 | 0,054 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,011 | 0,014 |
| Communication savante | 0,009 | 0,006 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,009 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».