Trauma-Informed Approaches to Law: Why Restorative Justice Must Understand Trauma and Psychological Coping

Becoming informed entails becoming more astutely aware of the ways in which people who are traumatized have their life trajectories shaped by the experience and its effects, and developing policies and practices which reflect this understanding. The idea that law and, in particular, the criminal justice system, should be informed is novel, and, as a result, quite underdeveloped. In this paper we advance the general argument that more effective, fair, intelligent, and just legal responses must work from a perspective which is informed. We specifically apply this argument to legal work being carried out and developed under the rubric of restorative justice as this way of thinking about law focuses on acknowledging and repairing the harms to individuals and relationships which result from conflict, crime or other wrongdoing.L'acquisition d'informations et de renseignements sur les traumatismes exige une grande sensibilite aux facons dont les victimes de traumatismes voient leur parcours de vie oriente par l'experience et par ses effets; elle exige aussi que soient elaborees des politiques et des pratiques qui refletent cette sensibilite. L'idee que les lois, plus particulierement le systeme de justice penale, doivent prendre les traumatismes en consideration est relativement recente et, par consequent, encore peu developpee. Dans cet article, nous avancons la these generale que des reponses juridiques plus efficaces, plus equitables, plus intelligentes et plus justes doivent s'articuler autour d'une perspective eclairee quant aux traumatismes. Nous appliquons cette these specifiquement au travail de nature juridique effectue et perfectionne au nom de la justice reparatrice puisque cette maniere de concevoir la loi repose sur la reconnaissance et la reparation des prejudices causes aux personnes et aux relations par un differend, un crime ou tout autre acte reprehensible.IntroductionI. Identifying and understanding and its impacts1. What does the term trauma describe?2. An expanded framework: understanding through a biopsycho-social lens3. Types of post-traumatic stress: simple and complex or developmental trauma4. Understanding contextually: social context and justiceII. Trauma, harms, and justice1. Why is understanding relevant to law?2. What does mean?3. Restorative justice, harms, and relationships4. Why must a restorative approach to doing justice be traumainformed?III. How trauma-informed approaches enhance justice system responses to crime1. The role of justice in resolving trauma2. Trauma-informed approaches and victims3. Trauma-informed approaches and offenders4. How a trauma-informed approach to restorative justice benefits the community: from isolation to social connection5. Community, attachments, and relationships: contexts for repair and resolution6. Creating shared narratives about crime, harms, and restoration: narrative repair and justiceConclusionIntroductionA cross-section of a tree reveals its story, as told by the pattern ofgrowth rings, reflecting the climatic conditions in which the tree grew year by year, and documenting injuries sustained throughout its life. Much in the same way, humans experience periods of and resilience over the course of our lifespans. A trauma-informed approach seeks to understand the ways in which these experiences shape us.1Out of all human events, it is tragedy alone that brings people out of their own petty desires and into awareness of other humans 'suffering.-CS LewisTraumatic life experiences are widespread and damaging, exacting a huge cost in human suffering and the associated social, economic, and legal consequences of untreated and unresolved in people's lives.2 Traumatic life experiences require the expenditure of considerable social and economic resources in the health care and child welfare systems, mental health and addiction programs, social programs, homelessness and housing services, and, too often, in family law, the criminal justice system, and other legal areas. …

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