Putting the Sterile Insect Technique into the Modern Integrated Pest Management Toolbox to Control the Codling Moth in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release (OKSIR) programme, in southern British Columbia, Canada, has been successfully applying the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) as part of a sustainable area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme to control the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. in pome fruits in the region for over 20 years. Chemical, cultural and biological techniques that complement the SIT are also integrated into orchard and regional pest management plans by the programme and/or individual growers. The AW-IPM programme is supported by close monitoring of codling moth populations in orchards and adjacent urban properties; enforcing suppression of codling moth infestations in orchards and urban areas; removing derelict orchards, wild host trees and poorly managed host trees; and increasing public awareness and education. Successful collaboration between the OKSIR programme, the pome fruit industry, area residents and various government organizations has reduced codling moth populations by 94%, relative to pre-programme levels, and codling moth damage to less than 0.2% of fruit, in more than 90% of the orchards in the programme area. Local pesticide sales indicate a 96% reduction in the amount of active ingredient used against the codling moth since 1991. Implementing the SIT through an innovative social approach to local community-centred area-wide pest management has posed many challenges and created many learning opportunities. The codling moth mass-rearing facility in Osoyoos, British Columbia, has the capacity to produce 780 million sterile codling moths annually, but only a portion of that is used seasonally to treat 3400 hectares (ha) of pome fruit made up of small orchards intermixed with residential areas in the Okanagan Valley. As a result of climate change and increasing global trade, destructive insect pests are migrating to new habitats throughout the world. These new threats must be managed in ways that protect both the agrifood industries and the natural environments in which the industries operate. The OKSIR programme is an effective and easily transferred model to meet these challenges, especially as a supplement to other biological control methods. The programme is also a 112compelling model of success that can encourage other regions to use the SIT in their pest management toolbox to combat codling moth infestations across multiple local community jurisdictions using environment-friendly, cost-effective methods based on proven technology. The OKSIR programme is exploring the sale of surplus sterile moths, egg sheets or possible virus production as an opportunity to offset costs of incorporating additional area-wide approaches to combat other invasive pests.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».