The Effectiveness of Positivism Training on Suicide Ideation and Death Anxiety in the Elderly

Aging appears to be a biological process experienced by all living beings including humans. Hence, it seems crucial to pay pertecular attention to the elderly and prevent disorders such as suicide ideation and death anxiety among them. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to probe the effectiveness of positivism training on suicide ideation and death anxietyin the elderly. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the elderly men living in Dezful, Iran in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 elderly men (60 to 70 years old) selected using the convenience sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute weekly sessions. Applied in the study were the Beck’s suicide ideation scale and Collet–Lester’s fear of death scale. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis in SPSS-22 software. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of suicide ideation and death anxiety in the posttest (P<.001). That is, the positivism training resulted in the deacres of suicide ideation and death anxiety. According to the findings of the present study, the positivism training can be suggested as an efficient method in the reduction of suicide ideation and death anxietyin the elderly men.ReferencesApouey, B. H. (2018). Preparation for old age in France: Roles of preferences and expectations. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 12, 15-23.Baharvandi, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Ambiguity Tolerance and Death Anxiety in the Elderly. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch. [Persian]Baharvandi, B., Kazemianmoghadam, K., & Haroon Rashidi, H. (2020). Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on ambiguity tolerance and death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 6(1), 13-26. [Persian]Banisi, P. (2019). Effectiveness of positivism training on subjective well-being, positive meta-emotion and self-management ability in the elderly women. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(3), 217-227. [Persian]Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Ranieri, W. F. (1988). Scale for suicide ideation: Psychometric properties of a self‐report version. Journal of clinical psychology, 44(4), 499-505.Beck, A. T. (1961). Manual for the beck scale for suicide ideation. Psychological Corporation.Conwell, Y., & Brent, D. (2015), Suicide and aging: Patterns of psychiatric diagnosis, IntPsychogeriatr, 7(2), 149-64.Cassell, W. A., & Dubey, B. L. (2018). Anatomical rorschach responses and death symbolism. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 25(2), 109-119.Cesko, E., & Cakici, E. (2020) Positive psychotherapy in different cultures. In: Messias E., Peseschkian H., Cagande C. (eds.) Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology. Springer, Cham.Collett, L., & Lester, D. (1969). The fear of death and the fear of dying. Journal of Psychology, 72, 179–181.Conejero, I., Olie, E., Courtet, P., & Calati, R. (2018). Suicide in older adults: current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 691-699.De Leo, D., & Krysinska, K. (2017). Suicide and self-directed violence.In S. R. Quah (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Health (2nd ed., PP.115-123). Academic Press.Efkides, A., & Moraitou, D. (Eds.) (2013). Apositive psychology perspective on Quailty of life. New York: Springer.Esmaili, A. (2008) Accreditation of death anxiety scale and comparison of death anxiety, suicidal tendency and life satisfaction in men and women students of Islamic Azad University. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. [Persian]Farnam, A. (2016). The Effect of positive thinking training in enhancement of quality and hope of life among the elderly. Positive Psychology, 2(1), 75-88. [Persian]French, C., Greenauer, N., & Mello, C. (2017). Multifactorial approach to predicting death anxiety: Assessing the role of religiosity, susceptibility to mortality cues, and individual differences. Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care, 13(2-3), 151-172.Frolov, P. (2020). Supervision in Positive Psychotherapy. In E. Messias, H. Peseschkian, & C. Cagande (Eds.), Positive psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychology (pp.359-370). Springer, Cham.Ghadampour, E., & Mashreqi, Sh. (2017). The relationship between mental health, mental well-being and quality of life with death anxiety in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 3 (2), 97-106. [Persian]Haroon Rashidi, H., & Bahiraei, M.R. (2020). The Effectiveness of positivism training on the life satisfaction and character strengths in the elderly men. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(2), 179-189. [Persian]Herrera, M., & Sani, F. (2013). Why does in group identification shield people from death anxiety? The role of perceived collective continuity and group entitativity. Social Psychology, 44 (5), 320-28.Hoelterhoff, M., & Chung, M. C. (2017). Death anxiety resilience; a mixed methods investigation. Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(3), 635-651.Ho, H.C., Yeung, D.Y., & Kwok, S.Y. (2014). Development and evaluation of the positive psychology intervention for older adults. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(3), 187-197.Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A., Heidari, F., & Zangeneh Motlagh, F. (2018). Effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities. Journal of Research Religion Health, 4(2), 16-28. [Persian]Khodabandeh, F., Noor Bala, A.A., Kahani, S., & Bagheri, A. (2012). Investigating the factors related to suicide attempt in middle-aged and elderly people. Journal of Health Psychology, 1(1), 92-81. [Persian]Kim. S., & Park, K. S. (2016). A Meta-Analysis on variables related to death anxiety of elderly in Korea. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 28(2), 156-168.Kurtulan, M., & Karairmak, O. (2016). Examination of the relationship among death anxiety, spirituality, religious orientation and existential anxiety. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 176-217.Majidi, A., & Moradi, O. (2018). Effect of teaching the components of spiritual intelligence on death anxiety in the elderly. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(1), 110-123. [Persian]Miller, A., Lee, B.L., & Henderson, C. E. (2013). Death anxiety in persons with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Death Studies, 36, 640–663.Morley, S. (2015). Single cases are complex: Illustrated by Flink et al. Happy despite pain: a pilot study of a positive psychology intervention for patients with chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 7(1), 55-57.Naderi, F., & Roshani, Kh. (2010). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and social intelligence with anxiety about the death of elderly women. Women and Culture, 2(6), 67-55. [Persian]Pachana, N., & Laidlaw, K. (2014). The Oxford handbook of clinical geropsychology. Oxford University Press.Rashid, T (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A Strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 25-40.Rashid, T., Uliaszeck, A. Stevanovski, S., Gulamani, T, Kazemi, F. (2013). Comparing effectiveness of positive psychotherapy (PPT) with dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): Results of a randomized clinical trial. Poster presented at the Third International Positive Psychology Congress, Los Angeles, CA.Rezaei Dehnavi, S., Tavakkoli, G., & Montajabian, Z. (2020). The Effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on pain perception and death anxiety in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(4), 321-332. [Persian]Rogers, M. L., Ringer, F. B., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). The Association between suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts is strongest at low levels of depression. Psychiatry research, 270, 324-328.Sadri Damirchi, E., Honarmand Ghojebegloo, P., Amir, S. M. B., & Gholizade, B. (2019). Prediction of risk-Taking behaviors based on the role of perceived social support components, emotional expression and brain-behavioral systems in addications. The Horizon of Medical Sciences, 25(4), 282-297 [Persian]Safari, S., & Akbari, B. (2018). Effectiveness of positive thinking training on psychological well-being and quality of life in the elderly. Avicenna Journal Neuro Psycho Physiology, 5 (3), 113-122.Schueller, S.M. (2012). Positive psychology, encyclopedia of human behavior (second edition), 140-147, San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.Seligman, M.E.P., (2006). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-Being. New York: Free Press.Tavakoli, Gh., Rezai Dehnavi, S., & Montajabian, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on pain perception and death anxiety in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(4), 321-332 [Persian]Ten Have, M., De Graaf, R., Van Dorsselaer, S., Verdurmen, J., Vant Land, H., Vollebergh, W., Beekman, A. (2009). Incidence and course of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(12), 824-33.Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., Glaesmer, H., & Margraf J. (2016). Perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation in adult outpatients receiving exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour research and therapy, 85, 1-5.Turecki, G., & Brent, D. A. (2016). Suicide and suicidal behaviour. Lancet, 387(10024), 1227-1239.Templer, DI. (1970). The Construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. The Journal of general psychology, 82(2), 165-177.Wongpakaran, T., & Wongpakaran, N. (2013). Detection of suicide among the elderly in a long term care facility. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 1553-1559.World Health Organization (2019). Suicide, https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/ detail/suicide .2 September 2019.Yarian, S., & Ameri, N.F. (2020). The prediction of suicidal ideation based on coping strategies and meaning in life in the elderly.Journal of Gerontology, 4(4), 1-10. [Persian]

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.