Notice bibliographique
Résumé
LEWIS, Peter B. Arthur Schopenhauer. London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2012. 187pp. Paper, $16.95--Of the biographies of Schopenhauer available in English, two full-length works dominate the contemporary landscape: David E. Cartwright's monumental Schopenhauer: A Biography and Rudiger Safranski's Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy. More condensed renditions of Schopenhauer's life appeared in the 1930's and before, such as Vivian J. McGill's Schopenhauer: Pessimist and Pagan, William Wallace's Life of Arthur Schopenhauer and Helen Zimmern's Arthur Schopenhauer: His Life and Philosophy. Inspired specifically by Wallace's book, Peter B. Lewis's Arthur Schopenhauer is a succinct and accessible biography intended for the educated general public. Lewis's presentation selects well the salient and influential episodes in Schopenhauer's life, organizing them into eight, nicely balanced chapters that carry us through Schopenhauer's seventy-two years. The book also contains revealing illustrations, twenty-seven in total, that allow readers to appreciate the physical resemblance between Schopenhauer and his mother, not to mention the handsome quality of his mother's companion, Georg Friedrich Muller von Gerstenbergk, whose presence precipitated the awful breakdown of Schopenhauer's relationship with his mother. Among the noteworthy facts that Lewis assembles, he mentions that upon the death of Schopenhauer's father, a merchant and shipowner, Schopenhauer's inheritance was substantial enough to produce an annual interest twice the amount of a university professor's typical salary. At college, Schopenhauer's friends included William Backhouse Astor, son of John Jacob Astor, the American millionaire. During his three-decade residence in Frankfurt in later years, he dined daily at a fine hotel restaurant at Frankfurt's city center, the Englisher Hof. Lewis punctuates his biography with observations about Schopenhauer's psychology, presenting him as someone who suffered feelings of abandonment by his parents, who experienced chronic anxiety, whose attitude toward women was poisoned by his relationship with his mother, whose love affairs were frustrated and marked sadly by the deaths of two infants, and whose dealings with other people were often fraught with conflict. Loving animals more than his fellow human beings, Schopenhauer emerges as someone who could not live the philosophy of life that he articulated. Omitted is how with his secure financial situation and accompanying freedom, Schopenhauer deserves respect for having focused his life on philosophical writing, and for having lived an intellectually-oriented, materially modest, relatively ascetic life. The solid selection and accessible rendition of the facts surrounding Schopenhauer's life notwithstanding, Lewis casts doubt upon Schopenhauer's philosophy as the expression of a psychologically idiosyncratic mind, assuming questionably that the structure of reality must coincide with, or be revealed best by, the personality of a normally adjusted individual. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,015 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».