The Relative Performance of International Students and Their Academic Program Choices
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Canada is increasingly looking to international students as a source of postsecondary tuition revenues and new immigrants. In Chapter 1, we examine the relative course grades of international undergraduate students in an Ontario university with a large and growing foreign student presence. We identify grade gaps across fields of study, which appear to primarily reflect admission errors from less predictive secondary school grades. While the gaps appear related to English-language proficiency, they are larger among graduates of Canadian secondary schools and in upper- than in first-year courses. Our estimates also suggest that relative foreign student quality has improved over time, despite increasing foreign enrolment. \n \nThe academic programs that students choose to pursue have strong implications for their career prospects. In Chapter 2, I shed light on students’ academic program choices by examining how co-ethnic peers influence their decisions to change programs during the course of their undergraduate studies. Examining data from a publicly-funded Ontario university with an ethnically diverse student population, I find that students are highly ethnically concentrated within academic programs at the time of their initial enrolment. Moreover, nearly one-quarter of all students change programs at least once during their studies and these program changes further increase the ethnic concentration of students within academic programs. Assuming a model in which students prioritize their grades over co-ethnic peers, the presence of more co-ethnic peers is found to significantly increase the \nprobability of a program change. This suggests that the ethnic concentration of students across programs at the university, which appears to increase over time, may be academically and socially efficient. International students are considered to be the best source of immigrants. \n \nIn chapter 3, we compare the labour market performance of former international students (FISs) through the first decade of the 2000s to their Canadian-born-and-educated (CBE) and foreign-born-and-educated (FBE) counterparts. We find FISs outperform FBE immigrants by a substantial margin, but underperform CBE graduates from similar postsecondary programs. We also find evidence of a deterioration in FIS outcomes relative to both comparison groups. We argue that this deterioration is most consistent with a quality tradeoff as the supply of international students has not kept pace with the growth in demand.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».