Re: Dietary Folate Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Alcohol may increase folate requirements, and low folate intake has been associated with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer in women with relatively high alcohol intake in a Canadian cohort study (1), as well as in the Nurses' Health study (2). Other studies, however, showed no consistent association between folate intake and breast cancer risk (3,4). Alcohol drinking is considerably more frequent in Italian women compared with U.S. or northern European women, and a consistent association was found between alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk in Italy (5,6). We decided, therefore, to consider the effect of folate consumption—and its interaction with alcohol—on the risk of breast cancer. From 1991 through 1994, we conducted a case–control study of breast cancer in six Italian areas (four in the north, one in the center, and one in the south). Case subjects were 2569 women (aged 23–74 years; median = 55 years) with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer. Control subjects were 2588 women (aged 20–74 years; median = 56 years) admitted to hospitals in the same catchment areas for acute, nonneoplastic diseases (22% traumas, 33% other orthopedic, 15% surgical, 18% eye, and 12% other miscellaneous). Information was collected in the hospital by trained interviewers who used a validated food-frequency questionnaire, including questions on 78 foods or groups of foods, various alcoholic beverages, and the subject's fat-intake pattern (6). To compute nutrient intake, Italian food-composition databases were used (7). To control for confounding, multiple logistic regression was used, including terms for age, center, education, parity, menopausal status, and energy intake. Table 1 gives the distribution of case and control subjects according to quintiles of folate intake and the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) in the overall dataset and in strata of menopausal status and alcohol drinking. The overall OR for women in the highest quintile of folate was 0.73. Although no statistically significant interaction was observed across strata of menopause or alcohol drinking, the inverse association was somewhat stronger in premenopausal women (OR = 0.57) and in heavy alcohol drinkers (≥25 g/day; OR = 0.49). The continuous ORs, however, were statistically nonsignificant for the overall dataset and most strata, indicating that the trends were nonlinear. Likewise, there was no indication that the inverse association between folate consumption and breast cancer risk increased across strata of alcohol drinking, a statistically significant protection being apparently restricted to the high alcohol/high folate stratum. In this study, therefore, no consistent linear association emerged between folic acid intake and breast cancer risk, although the ORs tended to be below unity in the highest quintile of intake. Apparent differences between various studies may be related to levels of intake and to different sources of folates, including supplementation, which is, however, uncommon in Italy. Furthermore, there are uncertainties in dietary assessment of micronutrients by interview and in the validity of measurement of specific micronutrients. These cautions notwithstanding, this study confirms that high folate intake may have a favorable effect in women consuming two or more drinks of alcoholic beverages per day, a group that included more than 20% of case subjects with breast cancer in this Italian dataset. Odds ratio (ORs)* of breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to quintile of dietary folate intake (Italy, 1991–1994) Odds ratio (ORs)* of breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to quintile of dietary folate intake (Italy, 1991–1994)
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».