Do political and economic decision-making rely on common neural substrates?
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The methods of cognitive neuroscience have begun to be applied to study political behavior. The neural substrates of value-based choice have already been extensively studied in economic contexts, and might provide a powerful starting point for understanding political choice. In this thesis, I present work that addresses the commonalities and distinctions between political and economic choice, within a cognitive neuroscience framework. First, a systematic literature review was undertaken to identify papers reporting neural correlates of political behavior in humans. We then asked whether the brain regions linked to subjective value in economic choice were engaged during political choice, addressing this question with a functional magnetic resonance imaging meta-analysis. This showed that only a small number of studies of political behavior have used frameworks that are comparable to those used in neuroeconomics. Further, few of the activation foci reported in these studies of political behavior fell within areas consistently found to reflect subjective value in economic studies. This raised the interesting possibility that the neural substrates of subjective value identified in economic choice paradigms may not generalize to political choice, but also highlighted the need for political choice paradigms that would allow this question to be directly tested.As a first step in this direction, in a second study we adapted a task commonly used to study information gathering in economic choice to study hypothetical voting choices. We asked whether this methodology could be applied to measure evidence gathering in voting and explored the effect of partisanship on this process. Twelve Canadian Liberal partisans and twelve non-partisans made binary choices between photographs of unknown political candidates in the presence and absence of party information, while choice behavior and eye movements were measured. In the absence of party information, we found that choice behavior and eye movement patterns across groups resembled those found in economic choice studies, but partisans trended toward faster choices and made significantly fewer fixations. When party information was introduced, both groups still conformed to choice behavior and eye movement patterns consistent with those seen in economic paradigms. Although party information had a substantial effect on voting behavior and eye movements in partisans, it did not completely supersede the effects of visual information and attentional modulation present throughout a trial as would have been expected if choices were being made purely based on party information. Preliminary efforts to fit an existing computational model developed in economic choice showed that partisans’ behavior was consistent with a lowered decision threshold, and party information acted to boost the initial value of the option for partisans. This work suggests that binary choice tasks used in economic studies can be applied to analyze political decisions, and provides preliminary data on the mechanisms by which partisanship influences such choices. This thesis provides a starting point for a neuroscience-informed analysis of political decision-making behaviors, and sets the stage for work to address the neural basis of these behaviors.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle