Incidence, Trend, and Mortality of Human Exposure to Rabies in Yemen, 2011-2017: Observational Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Rabies remains a neglected and poorly controlled disease throughout the developing world, particularly in Africa and Asia, where most human rabies deaths occur. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of rabies exposures, its trend, and its geographical distribution in Yemen. METHODS: Cumulative data from a rabies surveillance system for the period 2011-2017 were obtained from the National Rabies Control Program as paper-based annual reports. Data included the number of persons bitten by a suspected rabid animal, their gender and age, and the result of the animal's laboratory test. Human cases were defined as those exposed to rabies virus bitten by a suspected rabid animal, exposed to a confirmed rabid animal and then received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and deaths occurred after exposure to a confirmed rabid animal after having rabies symptoms during 2011-2017. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2017, a total of 76,049 persons were bitten by a suspected rabid animal. Of these, 21,927 (28.83%) were exposed to positively confirmed rabid animals and then received PEP, and 295 (0.38%) rabies-related deaths occurred. Of all cases with rabies exposure, 50,882 (66.91%) were males. The most affected age group by animal bites (31,816/76,041, 41.84%), positive exposure (8945/21,927, 40.79%), and rabies deaths (143/295, 48.47%) was 5-14 years. Rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins quantities were least available in 2016 and 2017. The annual incidence rate of exposure to animal bites and rabies exposure was 50 and 14 per 100,000, respectively. The annual mortality rate was 2 per 1,000,000. The highest incidence rate of animal bites was in Dhamar (112 per 100,000) and Ibb (94 per 100,000), whereas the highest incidence of exposed cases was in Amanat Al Asimah (40 per 100,000) and Ibb (37 per 100,000). Mortality rate was the highest in Amanat Al Asimah (6 deaths per 1,000,000) followed by Ibb and Dhamar (4 deaths per 1,000,000 in both). CONCLUSIONS: Rabies remains a worrying health problem in Yemen with higher percentage reported among children and males. Targeting school-age populations by education, communication, and information campaigns about preventive measures is strongly recommended. An electronic system should be introduced to improve reporting. It is important to have a sufficient supply of vaccines and immunoglobulins in control units, especially in the at-risk or impacted governorates. Future studies are suggested to determine incidences and risk factors of disease progression.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».