Determinants of stunting among children < 5 years of age: Evidence from 2018-2019 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The study aimed at identifying socio-economic and environmental factors that were associated with stunting among children aged 0-59 months in Zambia. BACKGOUND Hitherto, stunting continues to be a Public Health problem worldwide. A child is ‘stunted’ if his or her height is less than negative two standard deviations below the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The study aimed to explore determinants of stunting in Zambia among children (< 5 years of age) using the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) 2018-2019 database. METHODS A total of 7, 045 Zambian children with complete anthropometric measurements and aged 0–59 months were included in the study. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric; height-for-age, as a proxy measure of stunting. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to examine the association between stunting and selected environmental, maternal-socio-demographic and child level variables. RESULTS A total of 2, 479 children under the age of five found to be stunted representing a prevalence of 34.9%. Stunting was higher among male children as compared to female children (38.5% vs 31.3% respectively). Additional analysis revealed that children from households whose source of drinking water was improved (34%) were less likely to be stunted compared to children from households whose source of drinking water was non-improved (40%). Stunting was statistically significant associated with sex and age of a child; birth size; breastfeeding; residence; maternal education; wealth index; twin births and the birth interval among siblings. Children born to mothers whose previous birth interval is less than 24 months (aOR= 1.34 95%CI: 1.13-1.58; p<0.001), children from lower index households (aOR= 1.65 95%CI: 1.32-2.08; p<0.001), twin births (aOR=2.65 95%CI: 1.61-4.36; p<0.001), children whose mothers had primary education (aOR=1.16 95%CI 1.00-1.35; p=0.046), children coming from households whose source of drinking water was non-improved (aOR= 1.30 95%CI: 1.09-1.5: p=0.003), child not breastfed (aOR= 1.20 95%CI: 1.04-1.38; p=0.015) were more likely to be stunted. CONCLUSION The study established that the major predictors of stunting among children under 5 years old in Zambia were sex and age of the child; birth weight; maternal education; wealth status; source of drinking water; twin births, breastfeeding, residence and the birth interval among siblings. Therefore, to reduce the burden of stunting interventions that can address these factors are required such as community based education and targeted nutritional interventions. ARTICLE SUMMARY Strengths and limitations of the study The study utilised the ZDHS data as a proxy to establish the national burden of stunting in Zambia during 2018/2019, hence contributing to the body of knowledge. Many variables perataining to food intakes were not covered in ZDHS of 2018/2019 hence exluded from the study. Food intakes are very critical in measuring stunting levels.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».