Cold spray characteristics of mixed 316L stainless steel and commercial purity Fe powders
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Some of the current trends in cold spray include the production of metal-metal composite coatings. Among the various strategies to prepare the composite feedstock, e.g. agglomerate-sintering, mechanically milling and coated/cladded feedstock, mixing metal powders (either by premixing or using dual feeder) is a straightforward method and is convenient to vary the mixture composition. However, it has been found to be difficult to predict the cold spray characteristics of mixed powders (e.g. deposition efficiency (DE), porosity and compositional yield) from those of the single component powders, which means that any new mixtures need to undergo extensive preliminary cold spray trials in order to optimize the process parameters. Thus, fundamentally, analyzing the cold spray characteristics of two metal powders will lead to accurate modeling of the process and minimize the cold spray trials required to optimize the process. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the effects of mixing powders on the cold spray characteristics of 316L/Fe mixed powders. Single component 316L and Fe powders were deposited by cold spray, as well as the mixed 316L/Fe powders with a dual feeder setup. The as-sprayed coatings were also polished and single 316L and Fe particles were deposited on the as-polished coatings to form splats. To understand the splat deposition behavior of different impact scenarios (i.e. 316L on 316L, 316L on Fe, Fe on 316L, Fe on Fe), metrics of splat deformation, substrate deformation, splat adhesion strength/energy, and splat rebound were characterized. With a better understanding of the splat deposition behavior, efforts were made to explain the cold spray characteristics of bimodal size 316L/Fe powder mixtures. Since the finding suggests that the feedstock particle size could also be influential of the mixed powders deposition characteristics, different size combinations of 316L/Fe mixtures were deposited and studied. Results show that the splat deposition behavior onto as-polished coatings is indicative of the feedstock deposition behavior during composite coating formation. In particular, the 316L on Fe impact scenario generates strong rebound/poor deposition; whereas the reverse scenario Fe on 316L leads to excellent deposition. The distinct deposition behaviors of different impact sequences between 316L and Fe were explained through the relative particle/substrate hardness, surface oxide thickness, and particle morphology. Besides, results also show the cold spray characteristics of bimodal size 316L/Fe mixtures exhibit unexpected variations with increasing feedstock Fe fractions, which reveals the contributions of various mechanisms during mixed powders deposition: mixed 316L/Fe impact interfaces, particle size difference, and tamping. Finally, the DEs of different sizes of 316L/Fe mixtures show different variations with increasing feedstock 316L fractions, which is due to particle-particle interactions (i.e. tamping and retention) only occur in small size feedstocks during cold spray
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».