Updated report of a phase II randomized trial of transoral surgical resection followed by low-dose or standard postoperative therapy in resectable p16+ locally advanced oropharynx cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN cancer research group (E3311).

6010 Background: Definitive or postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is highly curative for human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) but induces significant toxicity. As a potential deintensification strategy, we studied primary transoral surgery (TOS) and, in intermediate pathologic risk patients, reduced dose postoperative RT (PORT). Methods: E3311 is a phase II trial with randomization to reduced- or standard-dose PORT for resected stage III-IVa (AJCC7) intermediate pathologic risk HPV+ OPC, stratified by smoking history. Primary endpoints have been reported; we now present updated 3-year PFS and patient-reported outcomes (PRO), including head and neck-cancer specific quality of life (FACT-H&N) and swallowing perception and performance (MDADI). Results: Of 519 enrolled patients, 495 underwent TOS. The primary oncologic endpoint was 2-year PFS for 50 Gy (Arm B) or 60Gy (Arm C). Among 360 eligible and treated patients (ETP), Arm A (observation, N = 38) enrolled 11%, Arms B (N = 100) or C (N = 109) randomized 58%, and Arm D (66Gy + weekly cisplatin, N = 113) enrolled 31%. With 35.1 months median follow-up, 3-year PFS Kaplan-Meier estimate is 96.9% (90% CI [91.9%, 100%]) for Arm A; 94.9% (90% CI [91.3%, 98.6%]) for Arm B; 93.5% (90% CI [89.4%, 97.9%]) for Arm C; and 90.7% (90% CI [86.2%, 95.4%]) for Arm D. Recurrences and death without recurrence were 4 and 1 in Arm B, and 5 and one in Arm C. Smokers ( > 10 pack-years) did not have worse 3-year PFS in Arms B or C. Treatment arm distribution and outcome for ineligible patients who started adjuvant therapy mirrored the 360 ETP. A comparison combining arms B/C versus arm D in the proportion of patients stable/improved in FACT-H&N total score, from baseline to 6 months post-treatment as a pre-specified endpoint, was 56% vs. 38% (p value = 0.011, one-sided Fisher’s exact test); however, underlying differences in treatment and risk may be confounding. An exploratory comparison between Arms B and C revealed improvement in FACT H&N (63% in Arm B vs. 49% in Arm C had a stable/improved score, p-value = 0.056). Conclusions: Primary TOS and reduced PORT retained outstanding oncologic outcome at 35 months follow up, with favorable QOL and functional outcomes, in intermediate risk HPV+ OPC. Clinical trial information: NCT 01898494.

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