How quality and quantity of brown carbon influence singlet oxygen production in aqueous organic aerosols
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a reactive oxygen species that has recently gained attention as a competitive oxidant in the atmosphere. This excited state of molecular oxygen is formed by indirect photochemistry in the presence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (DOM) as sensitizers, molecular oxygen and sunlight. The produced highly reactive intermediate 1O2 is then capable of oxidizing and degrading many organic atmospheric components, thereby affecting their lifetime in the atmosphere. Despite this influence on atmospheric fate, the spatiotemporal distribution of 1O2 in particular matter (PM) is currently unknown. We hypothesized that brown carbon in biomass burning organic aerosols emitted during winter in Switzerland would lead to higher 1O2 steady-state concentrations in PM compared to summer. Therefore, to advance atmospheric 1O2 research, we investigated the 1O2 sensitizing ability of organic aerosols sampled on 24-hour PM10 filters. Specifically, these filters were collected throughout 2013 in Frauenfeld and San Vittore in Switzerland, characterized as urban background and rural traffic measurement stations, respectively. We extracted the water-soluble organic components and quantified 1O2 steady state concentrations as well as 1O2 quantum yield. The quantum yield enhances the data intercomparison as this value shows the normalization of 1O2 production as a function of the rate of absorbance of the organic aerosols. In our ongoing efforts of expanding the spatiotemporal scale of our measurements, our results from Frauenfeld so far show a range between 0.38 – 6.05 · 10-13 M for 1O2 steady state concentrations and quantum yields up to 2.1± 0.5%. In preliminary experiments, samples from the rural site San Vittore show similar values, with potentially higher values during periods of significant biomass burning contributions. The values underline 1O2’spotential importance for atmospheric processing, e.g. comparing to Manfrin et al. (ES&T, 2019)1 who reported 1O2 steady state concentrations of 3 ± 1 · 10-14 M from secondary organic aerosols extracts. More importantly, the filter extracts analyzed thus far show a strong seasonal trend, with increased 1O2 values and higher variability in winter as compared to summer. This result corroborates the hypothesis that there is more chromophoric DOM present in winter, due to a higher fraction of brown carbon emitted e.g. in biomass burning for residential heating. To extend this analysis, we are currently correlating the results for 1O2 with molecular markers based on mass spectrometry data available from previous filter analysis provided by Daellenbach et al., (ACP, 2017)2. Finding these correlations will enable the prediction of 1O2 sensitizing abilities of organic material present in the aerosols both qualitatively and quantitatively. In all, our work will help constrain the seasonal relevance of 1O2 photochemistry in the atmosphere. References 1. Manfrin, A. et al. Reactive Oxygen Species Production from Secondary Organic Aerosols: The Importance of Singlet Oxygen. Environmental Science & Technology 53, 8553–8562 (2019). 2. Daellenbach, K. R. et al. Long-term chemical analysis and organic aerosol source apportionment at nine sites in central Europe: source identification and uncertainty assessment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, 13265–13282 (2017).
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».