Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis VirusesViral infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV) results in the syndrome of hepatitis, characterized by inflammation of the liver.Each virus is classified within a different virus family, yet all have hepatocyte-specific tropism and similar clinical manifestations.Full permissive infection with human hepatitis viruses is limited to higher primates, except for HEV, yet hepatitis-like viruses are known to infect invertebrates and all manner of vertebrates, including animals of the Laurasiatheria clade, such as bats and other insectivorous small mammals, suggesting an ancient origin and complex evolutionary history for hepatitis viruses.The definitive origin of these viruses remains largely unknown.This Special Research Topic includes papers on HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV, and includes studies investigating the consequences of virus evolution, such as geographic distribution and clinical outcomes.Other papers investigate intra-patient evolution, including super-infection and recombination, but also evolution over extensive timescales, thus providing a glimpse into hepatitis virus origins.Several papers within the Topic presented important perspectives on the origins of HBV and HDV.The paper by Locarnini et al. elucidates the origin of primate HBV in the context of host evolution and migration.The authors posit that the evolutionary impetus giving rise to contemporary human and Old World non-human primate (NHP) HBV involved early human migration out of Africa during the upper Paleolithic era and the Neolithic agricultural expansion.The authors conclude that HBV evolution has occurred over many thousands of years with lineages disappearing over time and extant genotypes arising from specific population movements, such as slave trading.Most importantly, their investigation suggests that co-evolution among human and NHP HBV is not supported.The study by Netter et al. also investigated possible co-evolution of HDV and HDV-like agents with their hosts.In this important study, the authors advance the idea that HDV, a satellite virus most similar to plant viroids, likely originated within a cellular transcriptome as a circular RNA with ribozyme activity.Although delta-like agents have been detected in a multitude of different animals, including birds, fish, and insects, the helper virus, if indeed one is required, is not known.The paper suggests that host shifting, not co-divergence, is the suggested mode of HDV evolution based on HDV/host phylogeny.Viral genomic recombination, as a mechanism of evolution involving viral superinfection, was the focus of several papers within the Research Topic.Jose-Abrego et al. observed that a high percentage (56%) of HIV-HBV co-infected patients were infected with multiple heterologous HBV genotypes (gt), including gtH, providing opportunity for genomic recombination.The paper from Giersch et al. presents an elegant study of HDV superinfection amongst gts1 and 3 using a human chimeric liver mouse model, observing that recombination is not a significant evolutionary process for HDV.Productive infection with multiple HDV strains, regardless of genotype, was not observed
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,015 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,009 | 0,015 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,012 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».