Exposure to urban air pollution and emergency department visits for diseases of the ear and mastoid processes
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Exposure to ambient air pollutants may cause adverse health effects. This study sought to assess the association of five major air pollutants concentration levels and number of Emergency Department (ED) visits for ear and mastoid pathology in the large Canadian urban city, Toronto. A time-stratified case-crossover study design was used for the period between April 1, 2004 and December 31, 2015. Daily air pollution data were collected from the National Air Pollution Surveillance Database for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ground-level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Data were also collected for weather variables. ED visit data were extracted from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database. Conditional Poisson models were applied using daily counts of the ED visits. Temperature and relative humidity in the models were represented by natural splines. Independent variables (air pollutants and weather conditions) were lagged by the same number of exposure days, from 0 to 14. The analyses were grouped by strata according to patients’ sex and age, also by seasons. For each studied pollutant, 270 models were derived (15 lags × 18 strata). There were 188,997 ED visits during the 140-month study period. Children under 10 years represented 31.7% of all visits, compared to 53.8% for patients aged 11–60 years, and 14.5% for those above 60 years. Short-term (time lags 4 and 5 days) NO2 exposure was positively associated with number of ED visits for ear and mastoid pathology for children independent of sex. Boys had relative risks (RR) of 1.030 (95% confidence intervals: 1.009–1.053) and 1.033 (1.011–1.055) for ED visits on days 4 and 5 after exposure to NO2 by one interquartile range (IQR = 8.8 ppb), respectively. Girls had RR of 1.046 (1.021–1.071) and 1.039 (1.014–1.064) on days 4 and 5 after exposure to NO2 by the same IQR, respectively. For lag 4, a one unit increase in the calculated air quality health index results in a 1.038 (1.020–1.057), 1.042 (1.017–1.067), and 1.036 (1.014–1.058), for all children, girls, and boys, respectively. In this large urban cohort, number of ED visits for ear and/or mastoid process infections peaked in the acute period following elevated overall air pollution and NO2 specifically, especially among young children.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle