Changes in exposure to ambient fine particulate matter after relocating and long term survival in Canada: quasi-experimental study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Objective To investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and premature mortality in Canada. Design Population based quasi-experimental study. Setting Canada. Participants 663 100 respondents to the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Canadian censuses aged 25-89 years who had consistently lived in areas with either high or low PM 2.5 levels over five years preceding census day and moved during the ensuing five years. Interventions Changes in long term exposure to PM 2.5 arising from residential mobility. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was deaths from natural causes. Secondary outcomes were deaths from any cardiometabolic cause, any respiratory cause, and any cancer cause. All outcomes were obtained from the national vital statistics database. Results Using a propensity score matching technique with numerous personal, socioeconomic, health, and environment related covariates, each participant who moved to a different PM 2.5 area was matched with up to three participants who moved within the same PM 2.5 area. In the matched groups that moved from high to intermediate or low PM 2.5 areas, residential mobility was associated with a decline in annual PM 2.5 exposure from 10.6 μg/m 3 to 7.4 and 5.0 μg/m 3 , respectively. Conversely, in the matched groups that moved from low to intermediate or high PM 2.5 areas, annual PM 2.5 increased from 4.6 μg/m 3 to 6.7 and 9.2 μg/m 3 . Five years after moving, individuals who experienced a reduction in exposure to PM 2.5 from high to intermediate levels showed a 6.8% (95% confidence interval 1.7% to 11.7%) reduction in mortality (2510 deaths in 56 025 v 4925 deaths in 101 960). A greater decline in mortality occurred among those exposed to a larger reduction in PM 2.5 . Increased mortality was found with exposure to PM 2.5 from low to high levels, and to a lesser degree from low to intermediate levels. Furthermore, the decreases in PM 2.5 exposure were most strongly associated with reductions in cardiometabolic deaths, whereas the increases in PM 2.5 exposure were mostly related to respiratory deaths. No strong evidence was found for the changes in PM 2.5 exposure with cancer related deaths. Conclusions In Canada, decreases in PM 2.5 were associated with lower mortality, whereas increases in PM 2.5 were associated with higher mortality. These results were observed at PM 2.5 levels considerably lower than many other countries, providing support for continuously improving air quality.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».