Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Grafted Wheat Straw for Economical and Eco-friendly Treatment of Oily Wastewater.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The sustainable development of oil-gas and petrochemical industries necessitates the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly technologies to treat mass-produced oily wastewater discharge from these industries. This study applied a simple radical polymerization to enhance the oil adsorption efficiency of agricultural waste biomass wheat straw (WS) by grafting biocompatible PMMA. Diesel oil adsorption from oil-in-water emulsion using the PMMA grafted WS was thoroughly studied for the first time in the quest of developing an economical and eco-friendly adsorbent for the adsorptive treatment of oily wastewater. Initially, the pristine WS was subjected to alkaline hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment to remove the materials that can lead to secondary pollution during operation, to expose the reactive cellulose surface sites that can enhance grafting efficiency, and to break the inner interconnected tubular pore channel walls; otherwise, the tubular pore channels will not be accessible to viscous oil due to limited capillary penetration. The success of pre-treatment of pristine WS and the subsequent PMMA grafting were evaluated by SEM morphology, BET analysis, EDX and XPS elemental analysis, FTIR, and contact angle measurements. SEM images indicated that the inner interconnected tubular pore channels of WS are exposed significantly upon alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. PMMA grafting substantially improved oil adhesivity, as evident from the 0º oil contact angle for WS-g-PMMA film. Oil absorptivity was thoroughly evaluated by batch oil adsorption study using variable adsorbent dosages and oil emulsion concentrations. The WS-g-PMMA exhibited explicitly higher adsorption capacity (ca. 1129 mg/g) compared to that of the pristine (ca. 346 mg/g) and pretreated (ca. 741 mg/g) due to high accessibility to exposed inner interconnected tubular pore channels and strong hydrophobic interactions between the WS-g-PMMA surface and oil droplets. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to evaluate the adsorption mechanism. The experimental data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm, clearly indicating the heterogeneity of adsorption sites, as well as multilayer adsorption of oil. The experimental adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order rate equation with R2 as high as 0.999, which confirmed the multilayer adsorption of oil. The high oil adsorption capacity of the WS-g-PMMA makes it a very promising material for oily wastewater treatment. This will simultaneously resolve issues with the treatment of oily wastewater and facilitate the recycling of abundant quantities of waste WS. This study serves as a reference for analyzing the suitability of wheat straw for treating extremely challenging waste streams, such as SAGD produced water containing BTEX and PAHs that are also hydrophobic like diesel oil.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».