Measuring the Effect of Concentrate Mineralogy on Flash Furnace Smelting Using Drop Tower Testing and a Novel Optical Probe
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The selection of furnace operating parameters during the flash smelting of copper is based on the elemental composition of a blend and does not account for mineralogy, which may impact on the process. Thus, it is important to study the impact of blend mineralogy on flash combustion processes. This thesis investigates the impact of pure minerals, chalcopyrite and pyrite, on the flash combustion behaviour of three mineralogically distinct but chemically similar copper concentrates through experimental test work. In tandem, proof of concept testing of a novel fibre optic probe for monitoring flash combustion reactions was done. \n\tA drop tower reactor was used to study the effect of O2/S stoichiometry on flash combustion processes under 21 different test conditions. Tests were conducted at 950oC with O2/S stoichiometries in the range of 0.8 to 4.0, and a solids feed rate of 3 grams per minute. The results suggest that concentrates with low pyrite mineralization require a higher O2/S stoichiometry to be desulphurized to the target matte composition, and that the O2/S stoichiometry impacts the fraction of dust in the products, the flame temperature as well as the flame brightness. In this work, the impact of mineralogy on flash combustion processes is studied using different monitoring techniques to gain real-time information about the process. Ultimately this information may then be used to optimize the blending process and to adjust the operation of a flash furnace in real time. \n\tMonitoring of combustion reactions was done using emission spectroscopy, where the spectra were acquired through a custom-built fibre optic probe. The two-wavelength method was used to measure the temperature of combusting particles and the integrated intensity was used to measure the flame brightness. This information was found to be useful for identifying feed distribution problems, which are also experienced in commercial scale furnaces. There were no atomic or molecular Cu, Fe, S nor O emission lines or bands in the emission spectrum; however, alkali metal emissions from Na, K and Li were observed. The lack of Cu, Fe, S and O emissions is attributed to the low flame temperatures, which were between 900 and 1500oC. Testing of the sensor in a commercial scale furnace is recommended and is expected to expand the application range of the probe.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».