First Report of <i>Cirsium arvense</i> (Canada Thistle) as a New Host of <i>Orobanche cumana</i> in Xinjiang, China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 6First Report of Cirsium arvense (Canada Thistle) as a New Host of Orobanche cumana in Xinjiang, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cirsium arvense (Canada Thistle) as a New Host of Orobanche cumana in Xinjiang, ChinaX. L. Cao, S. F. Zhao, Z. Q. Yao, X. Dong, L. Zhang, and Q. Y. ZhaoX. L. CaoKey Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China, S. F. Zhao†Corresponding author: S. Zhao; E-mail Address: zhsf_agr@shzu.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-9358Key Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China, Z. Q. YaoKey Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China, X. DongKey Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China, L. ZhangKey Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China, and Q. Y. ZhaoKey Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations X. L. Cao S. F. Zhao † Z. Q. Yao X. Dong L. Zhang Q. Y. Zhao Key Laboratory at the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China Published Online:13 Apr 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0773-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleCirsium arvense (Canada thistle), a perennial herb native to Eurasia, has been introduced to temperate regions and is a serious weed for arable and pastoral agriculture (Schroeder et al. 1993). C. arvense reproduces both clonally and sexually. It is highly competitive, causes yield reductions in crops such as wheat, alfalfa, and sugarbeet, and can reduce forage availability and production (Wilson 1981). It can harbor plant pathogens such as plant-parasitic nematodes (Tenuta et al. 2014). Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a holoparasitic plant with a restricted range of hosts in the wild (mainly on a few Asteraceae species) and in fields (exclusively on sunflowers) (Fernández-Martínez et al. 2015). O. cumana infection can cause up to 80% yield loss in sunflowers, threatening production in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, China (Parker 2009). In July 2019, broomrape was observed parasitizing C. arvense in a greenhouse used for sunflower resistance identification (Shihezi, 44°18′36″N, 86°39′36″E, 500 m elevation) in Xinjiang. Broomrape parasitized 50% of plants, with an average of one to two broomrape shoots per plant. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the flowers of broomrape, and the rps2, rbcL, and trnL-F genes and rDNA ITS region were amplified by PCR using primer pairs rps2F/rps2R, rbcLF/rbcLR, C/F, and ITS1/ITS4, respectively (Anderson et al. 2004; Manen et al. 2004; Park et al. 2007; Taberlet et al. 1991). The ITS (659 bp), rps2 (451 bp), trnL-F (914 bp), and rbcL (961 bp) sequences were deposited in GenBank as MT856745, MW809407, MW809408, and MW809409. BLAST analysis showed that the ITS sequence shared 100% similarity with O. cumana (659/659 nt, MK567978), the rps2 sequence shared 99% similarity (449/451 nt, KT387722), the trnL-F sequence shared 99% similarity (907/911 nt, MT027325), and the rbcL sequence shared 99% similarity (956/964 nt, MK577840). Morphological characteristics (such as stem, inflorescence, corolla, bracts, calyx, stamens, and gynoecium) are consistent with O. cumana (Pujadas-Salvà and Velasco 2000). Morphological and molecular identification strongly support that the broomrape on C. arvense was O. cumana. Greenhouse pot experiments were carried out to assess the parasitic relationship (Fernández-Martínez et al. 2000). In January 2020, C. arvense roots were harvested from an extant field of C. arvense in the greenhouse at Shihezi University. The soil was dug to a 30- to 40-cm depth, and C. arvense roots were removed and carefully washed in water. The healthy and living C. arvense roots were selected and cut into 10- to 11-cm pieces. Four C. arvense root pieces were grown (buried at a depth of 10 to 12 cm) in 8-liter pots containing a mixture of sand/vermiculite/compost (1:1:1 v/v/v) and O. cumana seeds (50 mg of seeds per 1 kg of substrate) with five replicates. Three noninfected plants were grown and evaluated in parallel. Approximately 80 days after planting, at the flowering stage of the O. cumana, C. arvense plants were uprooted from the soil. Compared with noninfected plants, the hosts' symptoms included slow growth, leaf wilting, and chlorosis, and they were similar to the broomrape-infected C. arvense plants observed in the greenhouse. The roots of C. arvense and broomrape were carefully washed in water, and the parasitism of O. cumana was observed. The infection was confirmed by observation of the attachment of the O. cumana to the C. arvense roots. This is the first report of O. cumana parasitizing C. arvense in Xinjiang, China. C. arvense as a new host of O. cumana indicates that sunflower broomrape can also propagate and survive in a host such as Canada thistle grown in sunflower fields. This finding suggests it may be more difficult to control sunflower broomrape by rotation. The contaminated area and the degree of parasitism of broomrape on C. arvense in the field will be investigated, and better-integrated control methods for controlling O. cumana will be designed.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Anderson, I. C., et al. 2004. Environ. Microbiol. 6:769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00675.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFernández-Martínez, J. M., et al. 2000. Crop Sci. 40:550. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.402550x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFernández-Martínez, J. M., et al. 2015. Page 129 in: Sunflower Oilseed: Chemistry, Production, Processing and Utilization. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-893997-94-3.50011-8 Crossref, Google ScholarManen, J. F., et al. 2004. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33:482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.010 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPark, J. M., et al. 2007. Mol. Phylogenet. 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Weed Sci. 29:159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500061725 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2018CB022).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 6 June 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Downloaded 846 times Article History Issue Date: 2 Jun 2022Published: 13 Apr 2022First Look: 19 Nov 2021Accepted: 18 Nov 2021 Page: 1765 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsGrant/Award Number: 2018CB022KeywordsChinaCirsium arvense (Canada thistle)new hostOrobanche cumanaXinjiangThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download

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