Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation consists of four chapters on topics in labor and development economics. Chapter 1 discusses innovation fluctuations in an aging economy. A three-stage overlapping generations model is constructed to simulate population trends and their consequent impact on innovation and economic development. Both the theoretical analysis and empirical verification show that countries with a low fertility rate have a higher innovation rate in a short period but a lower one in the long run. This chapter discusses the negative impact of an aging economy and yields the strong policy implication of providing a subsidy to boost the fertility rate, particularly for those developed European countries suffering from aging problems. Chapter 2 focuses on the relationship between the unemployment rate, working efficiency, and working overtime. It is motivated by the widely observed phenomenon of working overtime in some East Asian countries as well as the consulting and investment banking sectors. Does working overtime indeed produce extra efficiency? I use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to answer this question. The answer is NO, and it has little impact on the unemployment rate. This chapter contributes to existing literature with a new empirical approach. It could also guide corporate management professionals in the enactment of proper overtime work policies. Chapter 3 discusses the relationship between institutions and economic outcomes. The renowned MIT and Chicago political economists Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson argue that only inclusive political and economic institutions could lead to economic prosperity. Others dispute that their theory captures the whole picture. Bill Gates notably said that the theory of Acemoglu and Robinson must take into account other important factors. Chapter 3 contributes to this controversy. I find that economic prosperity could be harvested even by extractive institutions with immigrant-friendly policies. For example, countries like the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Singapore could enjoy a long-term economic boom due to a good immigration policy that attracts high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants from their neighbors. Chapter 4 intends to determine the empirical relationship between income inequality and consumption inequality in China. Existing empirical literature shows that consumption inequality exceeds income inequality in China, which contradicts basic economic theory as well as evidence from the US, Canada, and Europe. I use the inverse relationship between necessity good consumption and income to derive the true income level of each individual. High-income communist party members and employees of government-related agencies tend to hide their grey income, and income inequality is thus underestimated. The relationship I uncover between income and consumption inequality is consistent with the empirical evidence on other countries.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,024 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».