Inhibiting Calcium Chloride Heavy Brines to be Used as Drilling Fluids: Hurdles Encountered in Treatment, Application, Corrosion Mitigation, Solubility, and Foaming Tendencies for Drilling Sites in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A need for more economic drilling fluids has been addressed by repurposing heavy brines typically used as completion fluids. Heavy brine corrosion inhibitors have been designed for stagnant systems. Drilling fluids are subjected to both heavy agitation and aeration through recirculation systems and atmospheric exposure during the various stages of the drilling process. This paper documents the development of heavy brine corrosion inhibitors to meet these additional drilling fluid requirements. Multiple system scenarios were presented requiring a methodical evaluation of corrosion inhibitor specifications while still maintaining performance. Due to the high density of heavy brine, traditional methods of controlling foaming were not feasible or effective. Additional product characteristics had to be modified to allow for the open mud pits where employees would be working, higher temperatures, contamination from drill cuttings, and product efficacy reduction due to absorption from solids. The product should not have any odor, should have a high flash point, and mitigate corrosion in the presence of drill cuttings, oxygen, and sour gases. Significant laboratory development and testing were done in order to develop corrosion inhibitors for use in heavy brines based on system conditions associated with completion fluids. The application of heavy brine as a drilling fluid posed new challenges involving foam control, solubility, product stability, odor control, and efficacy when mixed with drill cuttings. The key to heavy brine corrosion inhibitor efficacy is solubility in a supersaturated system. The solvent packages developed to be utilized in such environments were highly sensitive and optimized for stagnant and sealed systems. Laboratory testing was conducted utilizing rotating cylinder electrode tests with drill cuttings added to the test fluid. Product components that were found to have strong odors or low flash points were removed or replaced. Extensive foaming evaluations of multiple components helped identify problematic chemistries. Standard defoamers failed to control foaming but the combination of a unique solvent system helped to minimize foaming. The evaluations were able to minimize foaming and yield a low odor product that was suitable for open mud pits and high temperatures without compromising product efficacy. The methodology developed to transition heavy brine corrosion inhibitors from well completion applications to drilling fluid applications proved to be more complex than initially considered. This paper documents the philosophy of this transitioning and the hurdles that were overcome to ensure the final product met the unique system guidelines. The novel use of heavy brines as drilling fluids has created a need for novel chemistries to inhibit corrosion in a new application.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».