Planck Comes to Einstein's Rescue ... Again

The first rescue was by Planck the man. Max Planck – who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918, for the “discovery of energy quanta” - was editor of the journal Annalen der Physik when Albert Einstein submitted his Theory of Special Relativity. Einstein's paper contained no experimental data of his own, and no references from scientists (on p.191 of his book “Coming of Age in the Milky Way”- published by The Bodley Head, 1988 – Professor Timothy Ferris writes: “The emergence of the special theory of relativity was as unconventional as its author. The 1905 paper that first enunciated the theory resembles the work of a crank …”). The theory opposed accepted thinking and was highly speculative. It would probably be rejected today, and the world would never have known of it. But Max Planck was impressed and saw its beauty. The paper was quickly published without much revision. The second rescue is by the Planck spacecraft - named after Max Planck and launched in 2009 to investigate the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The craft is currently searching for polarization.^ Thus I believe it will, when it detects the B-mode, support Albert Einstein's claim that gravitation plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles (in “Do Gravitational Fields Play An Essential Part In The Structure Of The Elementary Particles Of Matter?”, a 1919 submission to the Prussian Academy of Sciences). This is because the signal, which is produced by gravitational waves, is largely contained within the E-mode signal, which results from CMB photons changing directions as they collide with and then scatter off electrons. Einstein’s paper was the next step after his theory of gravitation proposed in General Relativity - when forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence, Einstein said: time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter.* ^ An online article (“B-mode polarization spotted in cosmic microwave background” by Jon Cartwright - http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2013/jul/25/b-mode-polarization-spotted-in-cosmic-microwave-background) reported on July 25, 2013 that the South Pole Telescope (SPT) has already made the first detection of polarization - “The CMB does not only contain variations in temperature, however. Its radiation was scattered towards us from the universe's earliest atoms in the same way that blue light is scattered towards us from the atoms in the sky. And in the same way that the blue light from the sky is polarized – a fact you can check by wearing polarized sunglasses – so too is the light from the CMB polarized. Variations in CMB polarization were first detected in 2002 by the DASI interferometer in Antarctica and helped cosmologists understand the dynamics of the early universe. These polarization variations were known as E-mode or gradient variations because they describe how the magnitude of polarization changes over the CMB. But there are even subtler variations known as variations, which describe the rotation or curl of CMB polarization. The majority of polarization is produced by galaxies acting as gravitational lenses, twisting the E-polarized light on its 14-billion-year journey from the other side of the observable universe. It is incredibly faint, producing temperature variations of about 0.4 μK and accounting for just one part in 10 million in the CMB temperature distribution. B-mode polarization is very difficult to measure, says Duncan Hanson, a member of the SPT team who is based at McGill University in Canada.” (Note referring to “Planck Comes to Einstein’s Rescue … Again” – 10^24 parts of the 10^25 strength of the gravitational waves is spent producing a particle [in this case, photon or electron i.e. the signal is largely contained within the E-mode signal]. The remainder is a long-wavelength, very weak gravitational wave that could be misinterpreted as entirely separate from the E-mode [more info about the numbers in “Why Is Gravity Weak?]. Assuming the polarization has been accurately measured – and it’s “very difficult to measure” – the 10^25-10^24 strength of gravitational waves is, since the space-time warps known as gravity waves are composed of binary digits that also compose electromagnetism’s bosons as well as matter’s fermions [see “Digital String Theory” below], represented as the one part in ten million of the CMB’s temperature variation.) * Suppose Albert Einstein was correct when he said gravitation plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles. And suppose he was also correct when he said gravitation is the warping of space-time. Then it is logical that 1) gravitation would play a role not only in elementary particles and their masses but also in the constitution of the forces associated with those particles i.e. the nuclear strong force and the electroweak force (combination of electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force), and 2) the warping of space-time that produces gravity means space-time itself plays a role in the constitution of elementary particles, their masses, and in the forces. Therefore, if electromagnetism is related to gravitation (see “c^2 and the Atom”), time is unified with the gravitational and electromagnetic fields (overcoming the 50-year-old objection to Einstein's Unified Field Theory which was put forth by England's Professor Penrose). Earlier in 2013, I tried to promote Einstein’s idea during a discussion at researchgate.net. There, scientists told me that Einstein’s paper will be regarded as erroneous and useless speculation, some kind of misunderstanding, nothing of interest, and not really useful as long as the Standard Model of interactions between particles and forces dominates scientific thinking. I’ll merely say that if I was placing a bet, my money would be on the Standard Model going extinct one day and Einstein then being given credit for a deeper understanding of the relation between mass and gravity.

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