Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Canadian federal government's multiculturalism policies have been controversial since their implementation. (2) I propose to show their impact on one of Canada's smaller ethnic groups, the Slovaks, principally in the Province of Ontario, where more than half reside. (3) Slovak individuals and communities in Canada have been avid supporters of the federal government's multiculturalism policies from their inception to the present, although funding for Slovak projects seems to have dried up after the year 2000. In response to Quebec's Quiet Revolution, when that province began to demand more home-rule, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson established the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963. (4) The intent was clear--to define Canada as a bilingual (English and French) and bicultural (English and French) society. Alarmed Slovak leaders hastened to testify before the commission. Dr. Joseph Kirschbaum, one of the intellectual leaders of the Canadian Slovak community, even addressed the commission in French when it met in Toronto. (5) Kirschbaum and his colleagues from the Canadian Slovak League spoke in favour of bilingualism, but not of biculturalism, as did leaders of the Ukrainian, Polish, and other Eastern European communities. Instead, they stressed that Canada was a multicultural society. (6) After Book IV of the Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission, which echoed this sentiment, was published, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau proclaimed in October of 1971 that henceforth the Government of Canada would promote a policy of bilingualism and multiculturalism. (7) Indeed, the government then appointed the first Minister of State for Multiculturalism in Canada, the Polish-Canadian Stanley Haidasz (1972-1974). Under his direction some of the sixteen recommendations from Book IV of the Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission were initiated. (8) The following recommendations were most relevant to Slovak communities: the teaching of languages and cultures other than English or French in public schools, high schools, and universities; the broadcasting of radio and television programmes in languages other than English and French; the production of films by the National Film Board of Canada on subjects and in languages other than English or French; the encouragement of federal, provincial, and municipal agencies to provide financial support for the above programmes; and the encouragement and financial support of the National Museum of Man (today's Canadian Museum of Civilization) to engage in collecting, researching, and displaying the cultural artifacts of all ethnic groups in Canada, not just those of the English and French. (9) Generally speaking, Slovak communities benefited from Canada's multicultural policies. The National Library, the National Archives, and the National Museum of Man started to vigorously collect books, archives, and artifacts of all ethnic groups in Canada in the 1970s. Indeed, I was employed as a Historical Researcher by the Museum of Man in 1977-1978 and in this capacity travelled all across Canada conducting oral history interviews and collecting books, archives, and artifacts that documented the Slovak experience. Furthermore, I was given the resources to produce a film on Slovak Christmas customs in Canada. This is, I believe, the only film on a Slovak subject produced by the Museum of Man and distributed by the National Film Board of Canada. (10) In the meantime, the federal government persuaded various provincial governments (but not Quebec) and municipalities to also fund multicultural programmes at their levels. For example, in Ontario the provincial government, through a large one-time grant from its WINTARIO lottery, enabled historian Robert F. Harney of the University of Toronto to establish the Multicultural History Society of Ontario in 1976. (11) Once these funds were exhausted, the province provided annual operating grants to the Society until 1996. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».