Notice bibliographique
Résumé
PAUL GLOBUS [*] In Shakespeare's Henry VI, a character suggests, first thing we do, let's kill all the I wouldn't go that far, but there's no denying that the number of lawyers in society is excessive. Take politics, for example. Canadian politicians, particularly at the provincial and federal levels, are mostly trained as lawyers. The situation is similar in the U.S. and in Europe, where a law degree is often the tepid first step toward a career in public service. What would happen, I wonder, if this were not the case? How different would the world be if lawyers were not the ones in charge? The question is interesting because one can hardly imagine how things could be worse. Government institutions have never been models of cooperation and efficiency. As for our courts, just ask those individuals now being released from Canadian and US prisons after DNA testing has shown them to be innocent to define the word justice. There's at least a possibility that many of our failures in the political arena are attributable to lawyers and their intensive formal training in a mode of thinking that might be called the legal turn of mind. Lawyers would be the first to admit that they don't think and act like the rest of us (or, put another way, that they think and act like the rest of us but only one heck of a lot more so). In his popular book, The Greening of America, published in 1970, lawyer and Yale Law School professor Charles Reich shed light on the legal turn of mind with this description of the typical law-school experience: [Students soon] discover that they're expected to become argumentative personalities who listen to what someone else is saying only for the purpose of disagreeing. [They become] analytic rather than receptive people, who dominate information rather than respond to it, [as well as] intensely competitive and self-assertive. Since many of them are not this sort of personality before they start law school, they react initially with anger and despair, and later with resignation ... In a very real sense, they become stupider during law school, as the range of their imagination is limited, their ability to respond with sensitivity and to receive impressions is reduced, and the scope of their reading and thinking is progressively narrowed. Thus trained to be argumentative, domineering personalities, many young men and women who become lawyers develop a basic orientation to life wherein their stated or tacit objective is nearly always to win. Most individuals reshaped in this Me-versus-You / Us-versus-Them adversarial mold believe that anything done to gain and hold the upper hand is not only okay, it's absolutely central to survival and success. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,010 | 0,024 |
| Communication savante | 0,010 | 0,011 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,011 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».