Highly Sensitive Trait and Ectomorphism: Another Link on Creativity and Psychopathology
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Dear Editor: In a 2011 article1 published in The CJP, the author did not mention the pioneer work on creativity, introversion, and highly sensitive psychological traits introduced by Elaine N Aron and colleagues (see Aron and Aron2 and Aron et al3) from the late 1990s. These authors have not only found links on highly sensitive traits, introversion, higher sensory-processing sensitivity, and low brain latent inhibition,2,3 but also suggested that increased creativity and schizophrenia spectrum tendencies relate to highly sensitive people. Another apparent missing concept in Carson's1 manuscript regarding creativity is ectomorphism.4 Specifically, the ancient Eastern science of Ayurveda and the Western constitutional psychology relate the ectomorphic somatotype or vata4,5 with higher sensory-processing sensitivity, introversion, and creativity; whereas, people with an ectomorphic somatotype have a tendency to show symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, and a restless mind when they are out of balance.4,5 In this regard, Aron et al,3 Kagan and Snidman,6 and Herbener et al7 additionally showed that inhibited high reactive children were more likely to possess a tall, lean body mass, narrow face, and light blue eyes than uninhibited children. Therefore, the highly sensitive trait and ectomorphism are 2 additional candidates for vulnerability factors in the creativity and psychopathology model described by Carson.1 Moreover, recent neuropsychological studies demonstrating a link between temperament and neurophysiology are not directly mentioned in Carson's manuscript.1 In this sense, quantitative variables, such as sympathetic tone variations in the cardiovascular system,6 as well as sensory perception parameters, such as olfactory,7 trigeminal, tactile,8 and gustatory threshold and detection,9 are envisioned to detect new possible vulnerability or protective factors in the psychopathology model of creativity. We consider that the above-mentioned missing pieces in Carson's manuscript must be taken into account from now on in theoretical and practical grounds, to advance the field of human psychopathology and creativity. References 1. Carson SH. Creativity and psychopathology: a shared-vulnerability model. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(3):144-153. 2. Aron EN, Aron A. Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;73(2):345-368. 3. Aron A, Ketay S, Hedden T, et al. Temperament trait of sensory processing sensitivity moderates cultural differences in neural response. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2010;5(2-3):219-226. 4. Rizzo-Sierra CV. Ayurvedic genomics, constitutional psychology and endocrinology: the missing connection. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(5);465-468. 5. Aggarwal S, Negi S, Jha P, et al. EGLNl involvement in high-altitude adaptation revealed through genetic analysis of extreme constitution types defined in Ayurveda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(44):18961-18966. 6. Kagan J, Snidman N. The long shadow of temperament. Washington (DC): US Library of Congress; 2004. 7. Herbener ES, Kagan J, Cohen, M. Shyness and olfactory threshold. Pers Individ Dif. 1989; 10(11 ):1159-1163. 8. Leon-Sarmiento FE, Hernandez HG, Schroeder ?. Abnormal tactile discrimination and somatosensory plasticity in familial primary hyperhidrosis. Neurosci Lett. 2008;441(3):332-334. 9. Croy I, Springborn M, Lotsch J, et al. Agreeable smellers and sensitive neurotics correlations among personality traits and sensory thresholds. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18701. Carlos V Rizzo-Sierra, PhD Fellow, Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Neuro-net, Ramon & Cajal Colombo-American Neuromedicai Foundation, Bogota, Colombia; Director, Unit of Innovation, NeuroVitaMed InnLtda, Bogota, Colombia. Maria C Duran, MD Researcher, CIRINEO, Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Ramon & Cajal Colombo-American Neuromedical Foundation, Bogota, Colombia. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».