Economic Freedom of North America: 2004 Annual Report/Measuring Labour Markets in Canada and the United States
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A. Karabegovic, F. McMahon and D.Samida, with G. Mitchell, Economic Freedom of North America: 2004 Annual Report (Vancouver: The Fraser Institute, with National Center for Policy Analysis United States of America, 2004), vi + 56pp. Paper. ISBN 0-8897-5210-9. A. Karabegovic, J. Clemens and N. Veldhuis, Measuring Labour Markets in Canada and the United States, 2003 edn, Critical Issues Bulletins (Vancouver: The Fraser Institute, 2003), 68pp. Paper. ISSN 1480-3666. These reports represent two studies from the neo-liberal right of centre independent organisation, The Fraser Institute. The reports have to be considered in the light of the Institute's prime objective to direct public attention to the role of competitive markets in economic well-being. From this neo-liberal position, a strong emphasis is a critical focus on levels of government control which is deemed a distortion in the operation of markets. The reports should be considered with this in mind. Economic Freedom of North America is the second edition of the annual report on economic freedom which presents a comprehensive set of ratings for US States and Canadian provinces. The methodology employs indices which are used on a 10-point scale, firstly to identify the impact of restrictions on freedom by all levels of government, and secondly at the level of state or provincial governments. Ten variables are grouped in three areas: 1) size of government, 2) takings and discriminatory taxation, 3) labour market freedom. The last variable area is new to the 2004 report and aims to measure how much policy affects workers' freedom to join or not join unions. The survey reports that while economic freedom has a marked impact in Canada, its effect on US states is much greater. Historically, during the late 1980s and early 1990s Canadian governments used the tax system to deal with the deficit problem more than US governments. It is thus argued that the gap between the US and Canada in terms of economic freedom grew through this period before a return to the 1981 level by the late 1990s. The report stresses that, in general, prosperity closely follows changes in economic freedom. For the US, it is argued that states have realized gains generated from economic freedom, while Canadian provinces have lost opportunities because of weak levels of economic freedom and the structure of Canadian federalism. On the basis of the indices employed, all provinces with the exception of Alberta are seen to be clustered at the bottom of the rankings for both all-government and sub-national levels, and also have low levels of prosperity. The report points to Ontario, Canada's economic powerhouse, which is only ahead of one state, West Virginia, in both indices, and with a level of prosperity only ahead of that state and Mississippi. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle