Notice bibliographique
Résumé
David Moon. The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia, 1762-1907. London: Pearson Education, 2001. xix, 203 pp. Illustrations. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. Cloth.The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia by David Moon is the latest addition to the Seminar Studies in History series. The book aims to stimulate readers into deepening their knowledge and understanding of the abolition of serfdom in Russia.The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia is organized into four parts: background, analysis, conclusions and assessment, and documents. Piirt One provides introductory remarks on the relationship between the imperial Russian state and its nobles and peasants. Part Two discusses various aspects of serfdom in the Russian Empire and the process of the abolition of serfdom. Part Three examines the significance and aftermath of the abolition of serfdom in the Russian countryside. Part Four comprises of excerpts of historical documents, ranging from Peter Ill's proclamation on the abolition of compulsory noble state service in 1762 to Nicholas II's proclamation on the abolition of outstanding redemption payments in 1907.Moon writes that the origins of serfdom in Russia in the seventeenth century were largely for military purposes. By the eighteenth century, serfdom in Russia determined the serfs legal status, rights of access to land granted to serfs by noble estate owners, serf obligations, and estate owners' administrative and judicial authority over their serfs (p. 18). In the first half of the nineteenth century, the main arguments advanced for the reform of serfdom in Russia were economic and social stability. Government officials believed that serfdom hindered the country's development. Nicholas I in 1 848 urged Russian nobles to act together against the threat of revolt from below. Other justifications for abolishing serfdom were humanitarian considerations and the expansion of the Russian state.The origins of the abolition of serfdom lay in Peter Ill's measures in 1762 to end compulsory noble state service and to secularize church peasants. The measures did not end serfdom. That would occur ninety-nine years later. In the intervening years, minor reforms were introduced to curtail the worst abuses, but these were largely half-hearted and inconsequential. Ironically, Nicholas I, who was reluctant to end serfdom, was deeply preoccupied with the peasant question. His secret committees and reforms of appanage and state peasants prepared Russia for the eventual abolition of serfdom (p. 48).The defeat of Russia in 1856 by France and Great Britain in the Crimean War exposed not only the weakness of the Russian armed forces, but also the inability of the country to raise a well-armed professional army along the lines of the French and British armies. If Russia was to remain a viable European power, the only way out for the government of Alexander II was to abolish serfdom as a means to modernize the Russian armed forces.The Statutes of 19 February 1861 did not abolish serfdom in one fell swoop, but rather set out a graduated process of three stages-a two-year transition period, an indeterminate period of temporary obligation, and a forty-nine-year redemption period (p. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».