Dynamic Loading of an Aircraft Morphing Winglet
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2573.vid This paper introduces an aircraft morphing winglet and associated dynamic loading system. The morphing winglet was designed as a two six-bar branch parallel mechanism that converted the horizontal actuation in the wingbox to the vertical rotation of the winglet for the cant angle change. The two-branch parallel mechanism formed an actuation redundant system that is compact yet sufficient to morph the winglet under the required aerodynamic load. The dynamic loading system was designed as a single four-bar linkage that was able to apply a simulated point load at the aerodynamic center and maintain its perpendicularity to the winglet surface mimicking the lift force during morphing. The dynamic loading system formed the second actuation redundant system. The entire system was actuated hydraulically under the standard aircraft supply pressure. Discussed in this paper is the method proposed for the implementation of the dynamic loading test for the developed morphing winglet. There were two main control challenges: i) synchronization of the two branches within the morphing mechanism and ii) synchronization of the morphing mechanism and the dynamic loading system. Different from the traditional optimal distributed redundant system control methods, we proposed a master-slave control strategy by assigning a branch as the leader (master) and another as the follower (slave). Through thorough mechanism design synthesis, we obtained a quasi-linear relation between the actuator’s strokes and the winglet angle as well as a quasi-constant relation between the stroke speed and the winglet angular velocity (rate of morphing). Through judicious calibration, the follower was able to accurately synchronize with the leader to morph the winglet together. To prevent force fighting between the two branches, the control system was designed with several feedback sensors including the encoders on the winglet for misalignment measurement and the strain gauges on the critical links for stress monitoring. A gain-scheduling feedback control law was implemented to account for the non-linearity inherent in the flow control valve. Furthermore, the control of dynamic loading system was integrated by adding a loadcell at the application point. Another gain-scheduling feedback control system was implemented for the load control with the goal to maintain the tension on the winglet all the time during morphing in either direction of cant up or cant down. The entire integrated control system was programmed using LabVIEW to have both on-site and remote-control functions. Three control methods were tested: i) pure position, ii) position-velocity, iii) position-velocity-load. The first control test showed that the morphing mechanism indeed provided a linear relation between the stroke inputs and the winglet angles. The second control test revealed that the same mechanism indeed provided a quasi-relation between the stroke speeds and the winglet angular velocity (rate of morphing). The third control test demonstrated that the morphing mechanism was able to sustain the required load to the full amount.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».