Foodborne Outbreak Investigation in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, 2021: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background On September 10, 2021, Al-Ahsa General Health Directorate reported an unexpected number of patients had presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. All the patients gave a history of sharing a common meal as they ate dinner that was served at the mother’s house in a family gathering on September 9, 2021, at 9 PM in Al-Ahsa. Objective This study aims to confirm the existence of the outbreak, confirm the diagnosis, define and identify the cases, identify the source of the outbreak, determine the causative agent or organism if possible and its mode of transmission, and recommend preventive measures to be applied to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used in this outbreak investigation to identify its source. Cases were defined as any person who ate dinner at the family gathering on September 9, 2021, and developed any or a combination of the following symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain within 26 hours of food consumption. We collected information on demographics, symptoms, and food history using a semistructured questionnaire. We reviewed hospital records for symptoms and vital signs. We reviewed available laboratory results for cases, and we conducted an active case search to identify more cases. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp). Results A total of 20 (74%) were defined as cases and 7 (26%) as noncases. Of 20 cases, 16 (80%) were females and 4 (20%) were males. The ages ranged between 2-70 years. Among cases, 59.3% had vomiting, 59.3% had a fever, 48.1% developed diarrhea, and 25% had abdominal pain. The incubation period ranged from 10 to 26 hours, with a mean of 17.8 hours. The risk ratios (relative risks) and P values were calculated for each food item to assess the association between consumption of individual food items and subsequent illness. Among 8 food items consumed, red pasta with chicken (relative risk 37.3, 95% CI 3.2-424.6) and beef pizza (relative risk 6.5, 95% CI 1.74-42.2) were significantly associated with illness. Conclusions According to the epidemiological investigation, symptoms, incubation period, and laboratory results, there might be some differential diagnosis, but we were unable to more definitively identify the source of the outbreak. We recommend more education to the households about food safety.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».