Characterization of the Microbial Community Structure and Function During the Natural Attenuation of Oil in Marine Environments Using In Situ Microcosms
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT Climate change, the opening of the northwest passage, the production and transportation of oil reserves in addition to the large size and number of ocean-going vessels, are putting all Canada's oceans at an elevated risk for an oil spill. Responses to marine oil spills include physical (skimming and recovery), chemical (dispersants, herders) and biological processes (biodegradation). Natural attenuation, a weathering process that includes physical, chemical and biological action on spilled oil, is a potential remediation strategy that needs to be explored and exploited. In the Canadian context, we are using genomics approaches to better understand the natural populations of oil degrading microorganisms in our oceans, their diversity, spatial and temporal dynamics, and locations that may be more vulnerable to oil spills. The purpose of this study was to perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of an in situ microcosm experimental system to study indigenous microbial communities that have oil degrading potential and to determine whether this experimental system could have an impact on acute toxicity to various marine organisms. In situ microcosms are slitted columns that contain support matrices such as clay beads or river rocks, with or without an oil coating. Columns can be incubated in different locations, at different depths and different time periods, during which microbial biofilm develops on the support materials. By using oil coated and uncoated matrices, comparative microbial community data that demonstrates the response of the microbial community to the presence of oil can be obtained. Long-term incubations (1 year) conducted at CFS-Alert showed that known oil-degrading bacteria (Colwellia, Oleibacter, Thalassolituus, Cycloclasticus, Oceanobacter and Alcanivorax) became dominant only on the oil coated matrices, confirming their presence in the local seawater. Acute toxicity tests were performed in aquaria on a variety of test organisms to evaluate the possible effects of oil components leaching into the water from the in situ microcosms. Limited and transient toxicity to only two tested organisms (green sea urchin fertilization and green algal growth). Considering the analyses were conducted in a closed circulation system, it is highly likely that in an open ocean environment, toxicity would be negligible. Data from these studies will be valuable to support guidelines for the exploitation of natural attenuation as an alternative response measure (ARM) to address oil spills in Canadian waters.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».