Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Bioremediation, which exploits biological processes to remove contaminants from the biosphere, is generally a low‐cost option among remediation alternatives. The organisms involved are predominantly microbes which have the capacity to survive contaminant toxicity and access and transform the contaminants. Many contaminants are organic solvents which disrupt membranes, and cells may develop defence mechanisms including formation of outer cell‐membrane‐protective material, often hydrophobic or solvent efflux pumps. Many of the contaminants are hydrophobic and microbial species appear to take up these substances by a combination of biosurfactant secretion and direct cell‐contaminant association. Bioremediation may involve aerobic or anaerobic microbial activities. Aerobic degradation often involves introduction of oxygen atoms in reactions mediated by monooxygenases, dioxygenases, hydroxylases, oxidative dehalogenases, or chemically reactive oxygen atoms generated by enzymes such as ligninases or peroxidases. Anaerobic degradations of predominant contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, typically involve initial activation reactions followed by oxidative catabolism mediated by anoxic electron acceptors. Many microbes participate in bioremediation processes by mineralizing the organic contaminants to end‐products such as carbon dioxide and water, or to metabolic intermediates which are used as primary substrates for cell growth. Cells may be able to biotransform the contaminant without being able to utilize the contaminant for growth in a process known as cometabolism. Microbes have also evolved biocatalytic systems which indirectly mediate the transformation of some recalcitrant molecular species, mediated by enzymes which generate chemically reactive species which in turn, attack the recalcitrant molecules. Major strategies for implementing bioremediation processes include biostimulation and bioaugmentation approaches. Biostimulation involves adding supplements to a contaminated site with the objective of stimulating growth of the microbial population already present there, which may be capable of degrading the contaminants. Where the contaminated environment does not contain microbes capable of degrading the contaminants, there may be a case for addition of a selected and acclimated microbial inoculum. This is termed bioaugmentation. Widely used process configurations include slurry bioreactors, landfarming, soil‐pile composting systems, engineered soil piles, in situ subsurface bioremediation and phytoremediation. Bioremediation accounts only for a small fraction of the remediation market because arguably, some of the processes implemented failed to meet the required contaminant reduction criteria. For bioremediation processes to gain access to a more substantial proportion of the remediation market, processes must be judiciously selected to be technically dependable and cost‐effective.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,046 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».