Descriptive Analysis of Health Screening for COVID-19 at Points of Entry in Pakistan According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines From February 2020 to March 2021
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Points of entry (POE) in Pakistan serve as key conduits for international travel, transport, and trade. The Central Health Establishment is the key stakeholder in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities at POE and National Action Plan 2020 for COVID-19. A comprehensive screening plan (involving more than 4 million passengers to date) was carried out effectively despite a few limitations. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the system attributes of health screening measures for COVID-19 at POE according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines with the aim of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the system and formulating recommendations to improve the system. Methods A descriptive study on the CDC guidelines for health screening at POE was conducted at the Directorate of Central Health Establishments from February 2020 to March 2021. The CDC guidelines are based on 11 attributes to be implemented for COVID-19 health screening at POE; these include legal and regulatory bodies to detain the traveler as suspect, isolation and coordination at POE, funds for screening, quarantine facilities equipped with basic necessities and communication channels for the quarantined travelers, referral health care facilities for POE, protocols for primary and secondary screening, capacity building, supply of personal protective equipment and screening tools, isolation areas, and provision of basic facilities at POE. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Web-based questionnaires and in-depth interviews for personnel in charge and quarantine assistants at POE were completed. Analysis of the Central Health Establishment’s information system was performed to assess management of traveler surveillance. Results The 11 attributes for health screening according to the CDC guidelines were addressed and well implemented at POE by the Central Health Establishment under the flagship of the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation, and Coordination. Primary health screening of 4,088,119 inbound travelers was conducted. Secondary health screening led to the referral of 415 suspected cases of COVID-19 to hospitals. A total of 74,833 polymerase chain reaction tests for COVID-19 were performed at airports for inbound travelers, with a positivity rate of 0.6%. A total of 19,130 international flights were screened during the study period. Conclusions Preparedness and response for COVID-19 at POE are in line with the National Action Plan of the Government of Pakistan and International Health Regulations (2005).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».