Drilling Automation - Why the Raptor Rig Never Drilled a Well
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Velociraptor is the name of extinct dinosaur from the Cretaceous Era and a drilling rig left behind by a company that died during last year’s COVID-19 event. Both creatures have a larger-than-life image. The dinosaur is famous as a terrifying presence in the Jurassic Park movies. The cinematic terror was modeled after a far larger ancestor of the Velociraptor, a dinosaur the size of a wolf that fed on small animals, according to an account in National Geographic. The Raptor rig, which was famous as Canada’s entry into the race to become the world’s first fully automated land rig, was created by a company that ran out of cash in the summer of 2020 after the deal to drill its first well was cancelled. Its true capabilities will not be known unless the current owner finds a customer willing to support the work needed to finish the rig and find a first customer. Still, the story of the Raptor offers a look at the skills, resources, and partners needed to bring an automated rig to life. The Raptor was conceived in a different era, back when North American drillers were racing to keep up with the demand arising from the shale boom, oil was selling for $100/bbl, and it took a lot longer than it does now to drill a horizontal well. Among the beneficiaries was Reg Layden, a rig designer who had just developed an ultrafast-drilling heavy coiled tubing rig. The innovation drew positive notices, but drillers were not about to embrace coiled tubing, so he designed a rig with an automated rig floor that could connect sections of pipe far faster than humans. His vision of the future was equipped with two derricks to allow continuous connections. One derrick would be connecting a section of pipe while the other would be readying the next one. They would roll back and forth, allowing one to be over the drill center while the other was readying the next stand. The startup, Raptor Rig, brought in Halliburton as a backer. It bought 23% of the startup shares and began a series of cash advances at a time when competitors including Schlumberger and NOV were developing their own drilling automation innovations. By 2015, the price of a barrel of oil had dropped to around $50, but an investor who was acting as spokesman for Raptor, Cameron Chell, predicted it would have a working rig by 2017, according to a story in Rigzone. That deadline came and went and the advances from Halliburton exceeded $25 million. Work ended sometime during the summer of 2020. The depth of the trouble was revealed when Halliburton filed suit at the end of July 2020 demanding payment for the nearly $29 million loaned to Raptor, which was secured by the rig and other property, according to court records in Calgary, Alberta. That pushed the company to seek bankruptcy protection. Since Raptor lacked the cash to pay its debts, the court appointed a receiver to sell the assets to raise as much money as possible to pay its creditors.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».