This issue of <i>Acta</i>

The cover-photo shows surgery for orbital tumors described by Rosen et al. in Israel in this issue of the journal. Stefánsson and Kivelä describe the ingredients of a good paper in an attempt to provide guidelines for scientific writing, especially for those who are beginning to write scientific articles. Riva and international associates review laser Doppler flowmetry for ocular blood flow measurement. This is the first in a series of review papers reviewing various techniques for ocular blood flow measurement. Jonas et al. in Germany and Italy combined intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab for the treatment of exudative age related macular degeneration, which had not improved from intravitreal injections of bevacizumab alone. The combination treatment improved visual acuity and reduced retinal thickness and the authors suggest that combination treatment may be helpful in patients where monotherapy fails. Yeung et al. Taiwan found in a retrospective study that preoperative intravitreal injection of bevacizumab reduces postoperative vitreous hemorrhages following vitrectomy for diabetic traction detachment, more so if a long acting air bubble is included. Bonnin et al. in France injected intravitreal bevacizumab in patients with neovascular age related macular degeneration. Vision improved, retinal thickness decreased and mean blood flow velocity decreased in all retrobulbar arteries, suggesting that bevacizumab has a hemodynamic effect in the eye. Noma et al. in Tokyo found vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in elevated concentrations in the aqueous humor of patients with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion and macular edema. They suggest that these molecules may play a role in vascular permeability in this patient group. Yang et al. in China measured connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β2 and found this these to be higher in retinas in diabetic rats than in controls. They suggest that connective tissue growth factor may upregulate the other growth factors and also induce apoptosis in the retina in diabetic retinopathy. Byeon et al. in Korea used photodynamic therapy to treat pulsating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and report a modest improvement in vision. Song et al. in China performed a population based study on visual impairment in north-east China. Almost 10% had some visual impairment and 2% were blind. Cataract was the most common cause of visual impairment, followed by uncorrected refractive error and glaucoma. Rosen et al. in Israel describe a cryo-assisted minimally invasive anterior approach for orbital tumors in a retrospective study of 103 cases. Trauzettel-Klosinski et al. in Tübingen studied eye movements in children with dyslexia and found a difference in eye movements between those with dyslexia and controls. Interestingly this seems to be related to language. Parentin and Pensiero in Italy found that children with growth hormone deficiency have short eyes and are hyperopic. The central corneal thickness tends to be greater than in control groups. Nguyen et al. in United Kingdom and Canada describe a gene mutation in a family with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy. Anderson et al. in New York describe serious complications from an iris implant marketed to consumers who wish to change the color of their eyes. This reminds us all of the seriousness of eye surgery and the potential harm of unnecessary surgery based of the vanity of patients and greed of surgeons. Sarafzadeh et al. in USA recommend fine-needle aspiration biopsy for selected intraocular lymphomas. Chan and Lai in Hong Kong used photodynamic therapy to treat a vasoproliferative tumor of the retina. These publications are accessible on http://www.actaophthalmologica.com. Nandakumar and Leat in Canada recommend bifocal glasses in children with Down syndrome and reduced accommodation. Chung et al. in Korea found that triamcinolone acetonide protects the retina from damage in hypoxic retinas in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Cheon et al. in Korea used anterior segment optical coherence tomography to measure several parameters in the anterior part of the eye such as the anterior chamber depth and found that all of these decreased with increasing age in healthy Korean subjects. López-Valladares et al. in Spain found considerable biochemical variability in amniotic membranes for ocular surface surgery and suggest that this variability may be important in the clinical use of amniotic membrane. Ozdemir et al. in Istanbul used microperimetry to evaluate functional outcome following macular hole surgery where triamcinolone was used to assist in peeling internal limiting membrane. Papadaki et al. in Crete found that somatostatin influences the viability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in culture. Li et al. in Australia, Singapore and China found that measurements of retinal vascular fractal dimensions are influenced by ocular media opacities such as cataract but not by refractive magnification. Czajka et al. in Poland and Sweden provide insight into the pathology of macular detachment with an optic disc pit. Shah et al. in Los Angeles and Paris used intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment for sarcoidosis and choroidal neovascularization. I would like to encourage the readers of Acta to take advantage of the electronically published articles by accessing them on http://www.actaophthalmologica.com, where indeed all articles in Acta both those published electronically only and those published both in print and electronically can be seen.

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